Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals (Sixth Edition) - UMK ...

108
Chapter | 4 Lipids and Ketones
diminution in LCFA oxidation, and more LCFA may be converted
to ketones. Ketone oxidation by muscle is decreased
postexercise, which will allow ketones to accumulate. In the
postexercise period, there is gluconeogenesis as lactate is
cycled back into glucose and glycogen, which may lead to
decreased mitochondrial oxaloacetate levels and increased
ketogenesis. Finally, compared to the exercise period, in the
postexercise period, relatively more of the cardiac output
will flow through the portal system, and the rate at which
LCFA are presented to the liver may increase.
Postexercise ketosis undoubtedly occurs in most mammalian
species, but among the domestic species, it has been
best documented in dogs and horses. Postexercise increases
in plasma levels of ketones have been observed in racing
sled dogs ( Hammel et al ., 1977 ). Postexercise ketosis has
been reported several times in the horse ( Dybdal et al .,
1980 ; Lucke and Hall, 1980 ; Rose and Sampson, 1982 ).
In these studies, horses were subjected to endurance rides
of 80 to 160 km. Plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations
increased two- to three-fold 5 to 60 minutes postexercise
compared to preexercise levels. Plasma LCFA concentrations
increase five-fold or more in horses during exercise
( Lucke and Hall, 1980 ; Rose and Sampson, 1982 ) and
decrease little during 30 to 60 minutes postexercise. Thus,
abundant LCFA are available to the liver postexercise when
muscle utilization of LCFA and ketones is decreased, a situation
that results in ketonemia.
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