Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals (Sixth Edition) - UMK ...

VI. Normal Plasma and Serum Proteins
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TABLE 5-3 Common Serum Proteins, Their Functions, and Changes in Disease
Protein M r (Da) Function Change in Disease
Prealbumin/Transthyretin 54,500 Thyroxine transport Increase: nephrotic syndrome, Decrease: liver disease,
protein deficiency, acute phase
Albumin 66,400 Osmotic pressure regulation,
general transport
α -Globulins ( α 1 and α 2 )
Thyroxine-binding globulin
(TBG)
54,000 Thyroxine transport Increase: pregnancy
Increase: dehydration, Decrease: liver, kidney,
gastrointestinal disease, acute phase response,
malnutrition, blood, and plasma loss
α 1 -Fetoprotein 65,000 Unknown Increase: hepatoma, pregnancy, Decrease: liver disease,
chronic pulmonary disease
α 1 -Protease inhibitor 45,000 Protease inhibitor Increase: acute phase response, Decrease: liver disease,
chronic pulmonary disease
α 1 -Acid glycoprotein
(orosomucoid, seromucoid)
43,000 Immunomodulator, binds
ligands, and drugs
Increase: acute phase response, Decrease: liver disease,
nephrotic syndrome, malnutrition
α 1 -Antithrombin III 65,000 Thrombin inhibitor Increase: possible acute phase response in cats
Decrease: disseminated intravascular coagulation,
protein-losing nephropathies, and enteropathies sepsis
α 1 -Lipoprotein (HDL,
α -lipoprotein)
α 2 -Lipoprotein (VLDL,
pre- β -lipoprotein)
200,000 Lipid transport Decrease: acute phase response
1,000,000 Lipid transport Increase: nephrotic syndrome, diabetes mellitus,
hypothyroidism, steroid therapy
α 2 -Macroglobulin 62,000 Insulin binding, protease
inhibitor
Increase: nephrotic syndrome, chronic active liver
disease
Ceruloplasmin 151,000 Copper transport, ferroxidase Increase: acute phase response
Haptoglobin 100,000 Hemoglobin binding Increase: acute phase response, glucocorticoids in dogs
Decrease: intravascular hemolysis
Protein C 62,000 Protease, anticoagulant Increase: acute phase response
β -Globulins ( β 1 and β 2 )
β 2 -Lipoprotein (LDL,
β -lipoprotein)
2,750,000 Lipid transport Increase: nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism,
hepatocanalicular disease
Transferrin 76,000 Iron transport Increase: iron deficiency, acute liver disease, nephrotic
syndrome, chronic hepatopathy, Decrease: iron
storage disease, acute phase response, inflammatory
disease
Ferritin 465,000 Iron transport Increase: iron storage disease, acute phase response
Decrease: iron deficiency
Hemopexin 80,000 Heme transport Decrease: hemolytic anemia, chronic active liver disease
C3 complement 75,000 Complement C3 factor Increase: acute inflammatory disease, atopic dermatitis
Decrease: autoimmune disease
C-reactive protein 100,000 Activate complement Increase: acute phase response
C4 complement Complement C4 factor Increase: acute phase respons, Decrease: autoimmune
disease
Plasminogen
Proenzyme of plasmin,
fibrinolysis
Increase: disseminated intravascular coagulation
Fibrinogen 340,000 Fibrin precursor, coagulation Increase: acute phase response, Decrease:
disseminated intravascular coagulation, hereditary
afibrinogenemia
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