226 Chapter | 7 The Erythrocyte: Physiology, Metabolism, and Biochemical Disorders Ham , T. H. , Grauel , J. A. , Dunn , R. F. , Murphy , J. R. , White , J. G. , and Kellermeyer , R. W. (1973 ). Physical properties <strong>of</strong> red cells as related to effects in vivo . IV. Oxidant drugs producing abnormal intracellular concentration <strong>of</strong> hemoglobin (eccentrocytes) with rigid-red-cell hemolytic syndrome . J. Lab. Clin. Med. 82 , 898 – 910 . Hamasaki , N. , Asakura , T. , and Minakami , S. ( 1970 ). Effect <strong>of</strong> oxygen tension on glycolysis in human erythrocytes . J. Biochem. 68 , 157 – 161 . Hammond , E. , Deiss , A. , Carnes , W. H. , and Cartwright , G. E. ( 1969 ). Ultrastructural characteristics <strong>of</strong> siderocytes in swine . Lab. Invest. 21 , 292 – 297 . Hammond , G. M. , Loewen , M. E. , and Blakley , B. R. ( 2004 ). Diagnosis and treatment <strong>of</strong> zinc poisoning in a dog . Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 46 , 272 – 275 . Han , T. H. , Pelling , A. , Jeon , T. J. , Gimzewski , J. K. , and Liao , J. C. ( 2005 ). Erythrocyte nitric oxide transport reduced by a submembrane cytoskeletal barrier . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1723 , 135 – 142 . Hargreaves , B. J. , Kronfeld , D. S. , Waldron , J. N. , Lopes , M. A. , Gay , L. S. , Saker , K. E. , Cooper , W. L. , Sklan , D. J. , and Harris , P. A. ( 2002 ). Antioxidant status and muscle cell leakage during endurance exercise . Equine Vet. J. Suppl . , 116 – 121 . Harkness , D. , Osta , S. , Roth , S. , and Grayson , V. ( 1970 ). Some biochemical studies on the erythrocyte <strong>of</strong> the domestic goat, Capra hircus . Int. J. Biochem., 575 – 581 . Harkness , D. R. , Ponce , J. , and Grayson , V. ( 1969 ). A comparative study on the phosphoglyceric acid cycle in mammalian erythrocytes . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 28 , 129 – 138 . Harris , R. L. , Cottam , G. L. , Johnston , J. M. , and Baxter , C. R. ( 1981 ). The pathogenesis <strong>of</strong> abnormal erythrocyte morphology in burns . J. Trauma 21 , 13 – 21 . Harvey , J. W. ( 1995 ). Methemoglobinemia and Heinz-body hemolytic anemia . In “ Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy XII. Small Animal Practice ” ( J. D. Bonagura , Ed.) , pp. 443 – 446 . Saunders , Philadelphia . Harvey , J. W. ( 1996 ). Congenital erythrocyte enzyme deficiencies . Veterinary Clinics <strong>of</strong> North America, Small Animal Practice 26 , 1003 – 1011 . Harvey , J. W. ( 2000 ). Hereditary methemoglobinemia . In “ Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology ” ( B. F. Feldman , J. G. Zinkl , and N. C. Jain , Eds.) , pp. 1008 – 1011 . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins , Philadelphia . Harvey , J. W. ( 2001 ). “ Atlas <strong>of</strong> Veterinary Hematology. Blood and Bone Marrow <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> <strong>Animals</strong> .” Saunders , Philadelphia . Harvey , J. W. ( 2006 ). Pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and clinical implications <strong>of</strong> erythrocyte enzyme deficiencies in dogs, cats, and horses . Vet. Clin. Pathol. 35 , 144 – 156 . Harvey , J. W. , Asquith , R. L. , Sussman , W. A. , and Kivipelto , J. ( 1987 ). Serum ferritin, serum iron, and erythrocyte values in foals . Am. J. Vet. Res. 48 , 1348 – 1352 . Harvey , J. W. , and Beutler , E. ( 1982 ). Binding <strong>of</strong> heme by glutathione S-transferase: a possible role <strong>of</strong> the erythrocyte enzyme . Blood 60 , 1227 – 1230 . Harvey , J. W. , Calderwood Mays , M. B. , Gropp , K. E. , and Denaro , F. J. (1990a ). Polysaccharide storage myopathy in canine phosph<strong>of</strong>ructokinase deficiency (type VII glycogen storage disease) . Vet. Pathol. 27 , 1 – 8 . Harvey , J. W. , Clapp , W. L. , Yao , Y. , and Efremov , G. D. ( 2007 ). Microcytic hypochromic erythrocytes containing siderotic inclusions, Heinz bodies, and hemoglobin crystals in a dog (abstract) . Vet. Clin. Pathol . 36, 313 – 314. Harvey , J. W. , Dahl , M. , and High , M. E. ( 1994 ). Methemoglobin reductase deficiency in a cat . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 205 , 1290 – 1291 . Harvey , J. W. , French , T. W. , and Meyer , D. J. ( 1982 ). Chronic iron deficiency anemia in dogs . J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 18 , 946 – 960 . Harvey , J. W. , French , T. W. , and Senior , D. F. ( 1986 ). Hematologic abnormalities associated with chronic acetaminophen administration in a dog . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 189 , 1334 – 1335 . Harvey , J. W. , and Giger , U. ( 1991 ). Muscle-type phosph<strong>of</strong>ructokinase deficiency in English springer spaniel dogs . Comp. Pathol. Bull. 23 ( 4 ) , 3 – 4 . Harvey , J. W. , Gropp , K. E. , and Bellah , J. R. ( 1992 a ). Biochemical findings in phosph<strong>of</strong>ructokinase-deficient canine skeletal muscle . In “ State <strong>of</strong> Art in Animal <strong>Clinical</strong> <strong>Biochemistry</strong> ” ( A. Ubaldi , Ed.) , p. 79 . Boehringer Mannheim , Parma . Harvey , J. W. , and Kaneko , J. J. ( 1975 a ). Erythrocyte enzyme activities and glutathione levels <strong>of</strong> the horse, cat, dog and man . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. [B] 52B , 507 – 510 . Harvey , J. W. , and Kaneko , J. J. ( 1975 b ). Mammalian erythrocyte glutathione reductase: kinetic constants and saturation with c<strong>of</strong>actor . Am. J. Vet. Res. 36 , 1511 – 1513 . Harvey , J. W. , and Kaneko , J. J. ( 1976 a ). Glucose metabolism <strong>of</strong> mammalian erythrocytes . J. Cell Physiol. 89 , 219 – 224 . Harvey , J. W. , and Kaneko , J. J. ( 1976 b ). Oxidation <strong>of</strong> human and animal haemoglobins with ascorbate, acetylphenylhydrazine, nitrite and hydrogen peroxide . Br. J. Haematol. 32 , 199 – 209 . Harvey , J. W. , and Kaneko , J. J. ( 1977 ). Mammalian erythrocyte metabolism and oxidant drugs . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 42 , 253 – 261 . Harvey , J. W. , Kaneko , J. J. , and Hudson , E. B. ( 1977 ). Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency in a beagle dog . Vet. Clin. Pathol. 6 , 13 – 1 7 . Harvey , J. W. , and Keitt , A. S. ( 1983 ). Studies <strong>of</strong> the efficacy and potential hazards <strong>of</strong> methylene blue therapy in aniline-induced methaemoglobinemia . Br. J. Haematol. 54 , 29 – 41 . Harvey , J. W. , King , R. R. , Berry , C. R. , and Blue , J. T. ( 1991 ). Methaemoglobin reductase deficiency in dogs . Comp. Haematol. Int. 1 , 155 – 159 . Harvey , J. W. , and Kornick , H. P. ( 1976 ). Phenazopyridine toxicosis in the cat . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 169 , 327 – 331 . Harvey , J. W. , Ling , G. V. , and Kaneko , J. J. ( 1974 ). Methemoglobin reductase deficiency in a dog . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 164 , 1030 – 1033 . Harvey , J. W. , Pate , M. G. , Mhaskar , Y. , and Dunaway , G. A. ( 1992 b ). Characterization <strong>of</strong> phosph<strong>of</strong>ructokinase-deficient canine erythrocytes . J. Inher. Metab. Dis. 15 , 747 – 759 . Harvey , J. W. , Peteya , D. J. , and Kociba , G. J. ( 1990 b ). Utilization <strong>of</strong> an enzyme heat stability test and erythrocyte glycolytic intermediate assays in the diagnosis <strong>of</strong> canine pyruvate kinase deficiency . Vet. Clin. Pathol. 19 , 55 – 58 . Harvey , J. W. , and Rackear , D. ( 1985 ). Experimental onion-induced hemolytic anemia in dogs . Vet. Pathol. 22 , 387 – 392 . Harvey , J. W. , and Reddy , G. R. ( 1989 ). Postnatal hematologic development in phosph<strong>of</strong>ructokinase-deficient dogs . Blood 74 , 2556 – 2561 . Harvey , J. W. , Sameck , J. H. , and Burgard , F. J. (1979 ). Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia in dogs . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 175 , 1171 –1175 . Harvey , J. W. , and Smith , J. E. ( 1994 ). Haematology and clinical chemistry <strong>of</strong> English springer spaniel dogs with phosph<strong>of</strong>ructokinase deficiency . Comp. Haematol. Int. 4 , 70 – 74 . Harvey , J. W. , Stockham , S. L. , Scott , M. A. , Johnson , P. J. , Donald , J. J. , and Chandler , C. J. ( 2003 ). Methemoglobinemia and eccentrocytosis in equine erythrocyte flavin adenine dinucleotide deficiency . Vet. Pathol. 40 , 632 – 642 . Harvey , J. W. , Sussman , W. A. , and Pate , M. G. ( 1988 ). Effect <strong>of</strong> 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration on the alkaline fragility <strong>of</strong>
References 227 phosph<strong>of</strong>ructokinase-deficient canine erythrocytes . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. [B] 89B , 105 – 107 . Harvey , J. W. , Wolfsheimer , K. J. , Simpson , C. F. , and French , T. W. ( 1985 ). Pathologic sideroblasts and siderocytes associated with chloramphenicol therapy in a dog . Vet. Clin. Pathol. 14 ( 1 ) , 36 – 42 . Haskins , S. C. , and Rezende , M. L. ( 2006 ). The caprine oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve . Res. Vet. Sci. 80 , 103 – 108 . Hayes , K. , Harvey , J. W. , Giger , U. , and D’Agorne , S. ( 2007 ). Hemolysis, myopathy, and cardiac disease associated with hereditary phosph<strong>of</strong>ructokinase deficiency in two whippets . Submitted for publication . Hebbel , R. P. , Berger , E. M. , and Eaton , J. W. ( 1980 ). Effect <strong>of</strong> increased maternal hemoglobin oxygen affinity on fetal growth in the rat . Blood 55 , 969 – 974 . Hebbel , R. P. , and Eaton , J. W. ( 1989 ). Pathobiology <strong>of</strong> heme interaction with the erythrocyte membrane . Semin. Hematol. 26 , 136 – 149 . Heiene , R. , Vulliet , P. R. , Williams , R. L. , and Cowgill , L. D. (2001 ). Use <strong>of</strong> capillary electrophoresis to quantitate carbamylated hemoglobin concentrations in dogs with renal failure . Am. J. Vet. Res. 62 , 1302 –1306 . Henquell , L. , LaCelle , P. L. , and Honig , C. R. ( 1976 ). Capillary diameter in rat heart in situ : relation to erythrocyte deformity, O 2 transport, and transmural O 2 gradients . Microvasc. Res. 12 , 259 – 274 . Hickman , M. A. , Rogers , Q. R. , and Morris , J. G. ( 1990 ). Effect <strong>of</strong> diet on Heinz body formation in kittens . Am. J. Vet. Res. 51 , 475 – 478 . Higasa , K. , Manabe , J. , Yubisui , T. , Sumimoto , H. , Pung-amritt , P. , Tanphaichitr , V. S. , and Fukumaki , Y. ( 1998 ). Molecular basis <strong>of</strong> hereditary methaemoglobinaemia, types I and II: two novel mutations in the NADH-cytochrome b 5 reductase gene . Br. J. Haematol. 103 , 922 – 930 . Higgins , P. J. , Garuck , R. L. , and Bunn , H. F. ( 1982 ). Glycosylated hemoglobin in human and animal red cells. Role <strong>of</strong> glucose permeability . Diabetes 31 , 743 – 748 . Hinds , T. R. , Hammond , W. P. , Maggio-Price , L. , Dodson , R. A. , and Vincenzi , F. F. (1989 ). The activity <strong>of</strong> the red blood cell Ca pump is decreased in hemolytic anemia <strong>of</strong> the beagle dog . Blood Cells 15 , 407 –420 . Hinds , T. R. , and Vincenzi , F. F. ( 1986 ). Evidence for a calmodulinactivated Ca 2 pump ATPase in dog erythrocytes . Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 181 , 542 – 549 . Hirose , J. , Kano , H. , Kidani , Y. , Iwamoto , H. , and Hiromi , K. ( 1992 ). Zinc deficient bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase has low specific activity . Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 40 , 506 – 508 . Hjelle , J. J. , and Grauer , G. F. ( 1986 ). Acetaminophen-induced toxicosis in dogs and cats . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 188 , 742 – 746 . Hladky , S. B. , and Rink , T. J. ( 1977 ). pH equilibrium across the red cell membrane . In “ Membrane Transport in Red Cells ” ( V. L. Lew and J. C. Ellory , Eds.) , pp. 115 – 135 . Academic Press , New York . Ho , Y. S. , Xiong , Y. , Ma , W. , Spector , A. , and Ho , D. S. ( 2004 ). Mice lacking catalase develop normally but show differential sensitivity to oxidant tissue injury . J. Biol. Chem. 279 , 32804 – 32812 . Hochstein , P. , Kumar , K. S. , and Forman , S. J. ( 1978 ). Mechanisms <strong>of</strong> copper toxicity in red cells . Progr. Clin. Biol. Res. 21 , 669 – 681 . Holland , C. T. , Canfield , P. J. , Watson , A. D. J. , and Allan , G. S. ( 1991 ). Dyserythropoiesis, polymyopathy, and cardiac disease in three related English springer spaniels . J. Vet. Intern. Med. 5 , 151 – 159 . Holman , H. H. , and Drew , S. M. ( 1964 ). The blood picture <strong>of</strong> the goat. II. Changes in erythrocyte shape, size and number associated with age . Res. Vet. Sci. 5 , 274 – 285 . Holman , H. H. , and Drew , S. M. ( 1966 ). Effect <strong>of</strong> an injection <strong>of</strong> iron dextran complex on blood constituents and body weight <strong>of</strong> young kids . Vet. Rec. 78 , 772 – 776 . Holter , P. H. , Framstad , T. , Aulie , A. , Refsum , H. E. , and Sjaastad , O. V. ( 1991 ). Effect <strong>of</strong> iron treatment on erythrocyte parameters in postnatal anemia <strong>of</strong> the pig . Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 8 , 1 – 11 . Houston , D. M. , and Myers , S. L. (1993 ). A review <strong>of</strong> Heinz-body anemia in the dog induced by toxins . Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 35 , 158 – 161 . Houwen , B. ( 1992 ). Reticulocyte maturation . Blood Cells 18 , 167 – 186 . Hrinczenko , B. W. , Alayash , A. I. , Wink , D. A. , Gladwin , M. T. , Rodgers , G. P. , and Schechter , A. N. ( 2000 ). Effect <strong>of</strong> nitric oxide and nitric oxide donors on red blood cell oxygen transport . Br. J. Haematol. 110 , 412 – 419 . Hsia , C. C. W. ( 1998 ). Respiration function <strong>of</strong> hemoglobin . N. Engl. J. Med. 338 , 239 – 247 . Hubler , M. , Kaelin , S. , Hagen , A. , Fairburn , A. , Canfield , P. , and Ruesch , P. ( 1987 ). Feline neonatal isoerythrolysis in two litters . J. Small Anim. Pract. 28 , 833 – 838 . Huebers , H. , Csiba , E. , Huebers , E. , and Finch , C. A. ( 1985 ). Molecular advantage <strong>of</strong> diferric transferrin in delivering iron to reticulocytes: a comparative study . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 179 , 222 – 226 . Huisman , T. H. J. , and Kitchens , J. ( 1968 ). Oxygen equilibria studies <strong>of</strong> the hemoglobins from normal and anemic sheep and goats . Am. J. Physiol. 215 , 140 – 146 . Huisman , T. H. J. , Lewis , J. P. , Blunt , M. H. , Adams , H. R. , Miller , A. , Dozy , A. M. , and Boyd , E. M. ( 1969 ). Hemoglobin C in newborn sheep and goats: a possible explanation for its function and biosynthesis . Pediatr. Res. 3 , 189 – 198 . Hultquist , D. E. , Xu , F. , Quandt , K. S. , Shlafer , M. , Mack , C. P. , Till , G. O. , Seekamp , A. , Betz , A. L. , and Ennis , S. R. ( 1993 ). Evidence that NADPH-dependent methemoglobin reductase and administered rib<strong>of</strong>lavin protect tissues from oxidative injury . Am. J. Hematol. 42 , 13 – 18 . Iampietro , P. F. , Burr , M. J. , Fiorica , V. , McKenzie , J. M. , and Higgins , E. A. ( 1967 ). pH-dependent lysis <strong>of</strong> canine erythrocytes . J. Appl. Physiol. 23 , 505 – 510 . Ibrahim , E. D. , McLellan , S. A. , and Walsh , T. S. ( 2005 ). Red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration and in vivo P50 during early critical illness . Crit. Care Med. 33 , 2247 – 2252 . Inaba , M. ( 2000 ). Red blood cell membrane defects . In “ Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology ” ( B. F. Feldman , J. G. Zinkl , and N. C. Jain , Eds.) , pp. 1012 – 1019 . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins , Philadelphia . Inaba , M. , and Maede , Y. ( 1984 ). Increase <strong>of</strong> Na gradient-dependent L-glutamate and L-aspartate transport in high K dog erythrocytes associated with high activity <strong>of</strong> (Na , K )-ATPase . J. Biol. Chem. 259 , 312 – 317 . Inaba , M. , and Maede , Y. ( 1986 ). Na,K-ATPase in dog red cells . J. Biol. Chem. 261 , 16099 – 16105 . Inaba , M. , Yawata , A. , Koshino , I. , Sato , K. , Takeuchi , M. , Takakuwa , Y. , Manno , S. , Yawata , Y. , Kanzaki , A. , Sakai , J. , Ban , A. , Ono , K. , and Maede , Y. ( 1996 ). Defective anion transport and marked spherocytosis with membrane instability caused by hereditary total deficiency <strong>of</strong> red cell band 3 in cattle due to a nonsense mutation . J. Clin. Invest. 97 , 1804 – 1817 . Isaacks , R. E. , and Harkness , D. R. (1983 ). Erythrocyte organic phosphates and hemoglobin function in domestic mammals . In “ R ed Blood Cells <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> Mammals ” ( N. S. Agar and P. G. Board , Eds.) , pp. 315 – 337 . Elsevier , Amsterdam . Israel , Y. , MacDonald , A. , Bernstein , J. , and Rosenmann , E. ( 1972 ). Changes from high potassium (HK) to low potassium (LK) in bovine red cells . J. Gen. Physiol. 59 , 270 – 284 . Jacob , H. S. , Yawata , Y. , Craddock , P. , Hebbel , R. , Howe , R. , and Silvis , S. (1973 ). Hyperalimentation hypophosphatemia: hematologic-neurologic
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316 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis the rol
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318 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis proport
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320 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis a consi
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322 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis Bakhtia
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324 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis Dowd ,
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326 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis Kier ,
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328 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis Nielsen
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330 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis Tablin
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332 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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334 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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336 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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338 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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340 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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342 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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344 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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346 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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348 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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350 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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352 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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354 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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356 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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358 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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360 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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362 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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364 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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366 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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368 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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370 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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372 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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374 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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376 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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378 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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380 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function L
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382 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function e
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384 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function p
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386 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function m
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388 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function s
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390 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function f
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392 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function T
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394 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function 2
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396 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function u
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398 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function 2
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400 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function c
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402 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function F
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404 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function A
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406 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function E
- Page 407 and 408:
408 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function K
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410 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function R
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412 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function W
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414 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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416 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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418 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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420 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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422 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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424 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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426 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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428 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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430 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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432 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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434 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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436 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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438 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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440 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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442 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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444 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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446 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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448 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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450 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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452 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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454 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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456 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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Chapter 15 Skeletal Muscle Function
- Page 459 and 460:
II. Specialization of the Sarcolemm
- Page 461 and 462:
II. Specialization of the Sarcolemm
- Page 463 and 464:
III. Heterogeneity of Skeletal Musc
- Page 465 and 466:
III. Heterogeneity of Skeletal Musc
- Page 467 and 468:
V. Exercise and Adaptations to Trai
- Page 469 and 470:
VI. Diagnostic Laboratory Methods f
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VI. Diagnostic Laboratory Methods f
- Page 473 and 474:
IX. Selected Neuromuscular Disorder
- Page 475 and 476:
IX. Selected Neuromuscular Disorder
- Page 477 and 478:
References 479 and, recently, there
- Page 479 and 480:
References 481 Engel , A. G. ( 2004
- Page 481 and 482:
References 483 Paciello , O. , Maio
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Chapter 16 Kidney Function and Dama
- Page 485 and 486:
II. Kidney Morphology and Function
- Page 487 and 488:
II. Kidney Morphology and Function
- Page 489 and 490:
III. Tests of Kidney Function 491 (
- Page 491 and 492:
III. Tests of Kidney Function 493 T
- Page 493 and 494:
III. Tests of Kidney Function 495 B
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6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Dog Cat Equine Cattle
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III. Tests of Kidney Function 499 d
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IV. Tests of Kidney Damage 501 1000
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IV. Tests of Kidney Damage 503 and
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IV. Tests of Kidney Damage 505 Enzy
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V. Biochemical Changes in Kidney Di
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V. Biochemical Changes in Kidney Di
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References 511 were reported to occ
- Page 511 and 512:
References 513 Bovee , K. C. ( 1969
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References 515 Deguchi , E. , and A
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References 517 Fleming , S. A. , Hu
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References 519 Harvey , D. G. ( 197
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References 521 Kühl , S. , Mischke
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References 523 creatinine measureme
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References 525 Reusch , C. , Vochez
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References 527 Terry , R. , Hawkins
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Chapter 17 Fluid, Electrolyte, and
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532 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
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536 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
- Page 536 and 537:
538 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
- Page 538 and 539:
540 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
- Page 540 and 541:
542 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
- Page 542 and 543:
544 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
- Page 544 and 545:
546 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
- Page 546 and 547:
548 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
- Page 548 and 549:
550 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
- Page 551 and 552:
VIII. Clinicopathological Indicator
- Page 553 and 554:
References 555 plasma water, electr
- Page 555 and 556:
References 557 Krzywanek , H. ( 197
- Page 557 and 558:
References 559 Strombeck , D. R. (1
- Page 559 and 560:
562 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
- Page 561 and 562:
564 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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566 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
- Page 565 and 566:
568 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
- Page 567 and 568:
570 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
- Page 569 and 570:
572 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
- Page 571 and 572:
574 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
- Page 573 and 574:
576 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
- Page 575 and 576:
578 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
- Page 577 and 578:
580 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
- Page 579 and 580:
582 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
- Page 581 and 582:
584 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
- Page 583 and 584:
586 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
- Page 585 and 586:
588 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
- Page 587 and 588:
590 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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592 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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594 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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596 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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598 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
- Page 597 and 598:
600 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
- Page 599 and 600:
602 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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604 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
- Page 603 and 604:
606 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
- Page 605 and 606:
608 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
- Page 607 and 608:
610 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
- Page 609 and 610:
612 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
- Page 611 and 612:
614 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
- Page 613 and 614:
616 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
- Page 615 and 616:
618 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
- Page 617 and 618:
620 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
- Page 619 and 620:
622 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
- Page 621 and 622:
624 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function a
- Page 623 and 624:
626 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function t
- Page 625 and 626:
628 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function A
- Page 627 and 628:
630 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function S
- Page 629 and 630:
632 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function a
- Page 631 and 632:
634 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function O
- Page 633 and 634:
636 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
- Page 635 and 636:
638 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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640 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
- Page 639 and 640:
642 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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644 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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646 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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648 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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650 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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652 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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654 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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656 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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658 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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660 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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662 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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664 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals the
- Page 663 and 664:
666 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals the
- Page 665 and 666:
668 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals P i
- Page 667 and 668:
670 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals be
- Page 669 and 670:
Copper Cuproreductase Cytochromes C
- Page 671 and 672:
674 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals 2 .
- Page 673 and 674:
676 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals Cor
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678 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals inf
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680 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals tis
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682 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals VI
- Page 681 and 682:
684 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals red
- Page 683 and 684:
686 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals of
- Page 685 and 686:
688 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals Per
- Page 687 and 688:
690 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals In
- Page 689 and 690:
692 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals Liu
- Page 691 and 692:
Chapter 23 Vitamins Robert B. Rucke
- Page 693 and 694:
III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 697 TABLE
- Page 695 and 696:
III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 699 Carot
- Page 697 and 698:
III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 701 Major
- Page 699 and 700:
III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 703 doses
- Page 701 and 702:
III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 705 Diet
- Page 703 and 704:
III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 707 conta
- Page 705 and 706:
III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 709 immun
- Page 707 and 708:
IV. Water-Soluble Vitamins 711 are
- Page 709 and 710:
IV. Water-Soluble Vitamins 713 abil
- Page 711 and 712:
IV. Water-Soluble Vitamins 715 5’
- Page 713 and 714:
IV. Water-Soluble Vitamins 717 H 2
- Page 715 and 716:
IV. Water-Soluble Vitamins 719 Enzy
- Page 718 and 719:
722 Chapter | 23 Vitamins When biot
- Page 720 and 721:
724 Chapter | 23 Vitamins Cyanocoba
- Page 722 and 723:
726 Chapter | 23 Vitamins V . VITAM
- Page 724 and 725:
728 Chapter | 23 Vitamins nature, r
- Page 726 and 727:
730 Chapter | 23 Vitamins Stites ,
- Page 728 and 729:
732 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
- Page 730 and 731:
734 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
- Page 732 and 733:
736 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
- Page 734 and 735:
738 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
- Page 736 and 737:
740 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
- Page 738 and 739:
742 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
- Page 740 and 741:
744 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
- Page 742 and 743:
746 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
- Page 744 and 745:
748 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
- Page 746 and 747:
Chapter 25 Tumor Markers Michael D.
- Page 748 and 749:
II. Serum Tumor Markers 753 also be
- Page 750 and 751:
III. Flow Cytometry 755 cancer of t
- Page 752 and 753:
V. Immunohistochemistry/Immunocytoc
- Page 754 and 755:
V. Immunohistochemistry/Immunocytoc
- Page 756 and 757:
References 761 analysis will facili
- Page 758 and 759:
References 763 Fernandez , N. J. ,
- Page 760 and 761:
References 765 Meinecke , B. , and
- Page 762 and 763:
References 767 Walter , J. ( 2000 )
- Page 764 and 765:
770 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 766 and 767:
772 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 768 and 769:
774 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 770 and 771:
776 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 772 and 773:
778 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 774 and 775:
TABLE 26-7 Continued Constituent Ro
- Page 776 and 777:
782 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 778 and 779:
784 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 780 and 781:
786 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 782 and 783:
788 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 784 and 785:
790 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 786 and 787:
792 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 788 and 789:
794 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 790 and 791:
796 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 792 and 793:
798 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 794 and 795:
800 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 796 and 797:
802 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 798 and 799:
804 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 800 and 801:
806 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 802 and 803:
808 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 804 and 805:
810 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 806 and 807:
812 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 808 and 809:
814 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 810 and 811:
816 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 812 and 813:
818 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 814 and 815:
Chapter 27 Clinical Biochemistry in
- Page 816 and 817:
II. Hepatotoxicity 823 Therefore, A
- Page 818 and 819:
III. Nephrotoxicity 825 suggested a
- Page 820 and 821:
IV. Toxins Affecting Skeletal and C
- Page 822 and 823:
VII. Toxins Affecting Erythrocytes
- Page 824 and 825:
VIII. Toxins Affecting Hemoglobin a
- Page 826 and 827:
IX. Toxins Affecting the Nervous Sy
- Page 828 and 829:
References 835 Plants classified as
- Page 830 and 831:
References 837 Solaiman , S. G. , M
- Page 832 and 833:
840 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
- Page 834 and 835:
842 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
- Page 836 and 837:
844 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
- Page 838 and 839:
846 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
- Page 840 and 841:
848 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
- Page 842 and 843:
850 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
- Page 844 and 845:
Budgerigar ALAT (IU/g tissue) Budge
- Page 846 and 847:
854 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
- Page 848 and 849:
856 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
- Page 850 and 851:
858 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
- Page 852 and 853:
860 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
- Page 854 and 855:
862 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
- Page 856 and 857:
864 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
- Page 858 and 859:
866 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
- Page 860 and 861:
868 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
- Page 862 and 863:
870 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
- Page 864 and 865:
872 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
- Page 866 and 867:
874 Appendix | I SI Units TABLE E S
- Page 868 and 869:
Appendix II Conversion Factors of S
- Page 870 and 871:
Appendix IV Stability of Serum Enzy
- Page 872 and 873:
Appendix VI Nomogram for Computing
- Page 874 and 875:
t0100 Appendix VIII Blood Analyte R
- Page 876 and 877:
884 Appendix | VIII Blood Analyte R
- Page 878 and 879:
886 Appendix | VIII Blood Analyte R
- Page 880 and 881:
888 Appendix | VIII Blood Analyte R
- Page 882 and 883:
890 Appendix | IX Blood Analyte Ref
- Page 884 and 885:
892 Appendix | IX Blood Analyte Ref
- Page 886 and 887:
894 Appendix | IX Blood Analyte Ref
- Page 888 and 889:
Appendix X Blood Analyte Reference
- Page 890 and 891:
Appendix XI Blood Analyte Reference
- Page 892 and 893:
Appendix XII Urine Analyte Referenc
- Page 894 and 895:
902 Appendix | XIII Cerebrospinal F
- Page 896:
904 Appendix | XIV Cerebrospinal Fl