References 835 Plants classified as seleniferous actively concentrate Se. Seleniferous plants can be subclassified as obligate (requiring Se) and facultative (Se not required). Astragalus spp. (locoweed), Machaeranthera spp., Oonopsis spp. (goldenweed), Stanleya spp., and Xylorrhiza spp. (wood aster) are obligate accumulators <strong>of</strong> selenium. These species are generally nonpalatable and are consumed only by herbivores with little other available forage. Several plants are facultative accumulators <strong>of</strong> selenium including the genera Asters, Atriplex, Catilleja, Gutierrezia, and Sideranthus, which are more <strong>of</strong>ten associated with forage-associated selenium intoxication. In addition, various grasses and crops may accumulate from 1 to 25 ppm selenium when grown on seleniferous soils. The differences in selenium accumulation by these three groups are rather indistinct. Grasses are by far the most important group from the standpoint <strong>of</strong> sheer numbers <strong>of</strong> livestock affected. Grazing <strong>of</strong> seleniferous plants may result in acute gastroenteritis, but it also induces what has historically been called “ alkali disease ” that manifests as alopecia and dystrophic growth <strong>of</strong> the hooves primarily in horses, cattle, and goats. There are conflicting reports regarding the hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity <strong>of</strong> selenium. Vicia villosa (hairy vetch) produces angiocentric eosinophilic granulomatous inflammation <strong>of</strong> the skin, myocardium, kidney, lymph nodes, thyroid, and adrenal glands. The mechanism is unknown. The skin lesions are pruritic. REFERENCES Acland , H. M. , Mann , P. C. , Robertson , J. L. , Divers , T. J. , Lichensteiger , C. A. , and Whitlock , R. H. (1984 ). Toxic hepatopathy in foals . Vet. Pathol. 21 , 3 – 9 . Albrecht , J. E. , Clawson , A. J. , Ulberg , L. C. , and Smith , F. H. ( 1969 ). Effects <strong>of</strong> high gossypol cottonseed meal on the electrocardiogram <strong>of</strong> swine . J. Anim. Sci. 27 , 976 – 980 . Albretsen , J. C. , Khan , S. A. , and Richardson , J. A. ( 1998 ). Cycad palm toxicosis in dogs: 60 cases (1987–1997) . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 213 , 99 – 101 . Aroch , I. , Segev , G. , Klement , E. , Shipov , A. , and Harrus , S. ( 2004 ). Fatal Vipera xanthina palestinae envenomation in 16 dogs . Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 46 , 268 – 272 . Bain , P. J. ( 2003 ). In “ Duncan & Prasse’s Veterinary Laboratory Medicine. Clnical Pathology ” ( K. S. Lattimer , E. A. Mahaffey and K. W. Prasse , Eds.) , pp. 193 – 214 . Iowa State University Press , Ames . Bailey , C. S. , and Vernau , W. ( 1997 ). Cerebrospinal fluid . In “ <strong>Clinical</strong> <strong>Biochemistry</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> <strong>Animals</strong> ” ( J. J. Kaneko , J. W. Harvey, and M. L. Bruss , Eds.) , pp. 785 – 827 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA . Balkman , C. E. , Center , S. A. , Randolph , J. F. , Trainor , D. , Warner , K. L. , Crawford , M. A. , Adachi , K. , and Erb , H. N. ( 2003 ). Evaluation <strong>of</strong> urine sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids as a diagnostic test for liver disease in dogs . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 222 , 1368 – 1375 . Barr, A. C., and Reagor, J. C. (2001). Toxic plants, what the practitioner needs to know. In “ The Veterinary Clinics <strong>of</strong> North America; Equine Practice; Toxicology ” (F. D. Galey, Ed.), vol. 17(3), pp. 529–546 . W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. Breeze , R. G. , and Carlson , J. R. ( 1982 ). Chemical-induced lung disease in domestic animals . Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp. Med. 26 , 201 – 232 . Brownie , C. F. , and Cullen , J. ( 1987 ). Characterization <strong>of</strong> experimentally induced equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) in ponies (Equus caballus): preliminary report . Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 29 , 34 – 38 . Capen , C. C. ( 1993 ). The endocrine glands . In “ Pathology <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> <strong>Animals</strong> ” ( K. V. F. Jubb , P. C. Kennedy , and N. Palmer , Eds.) , vol. 3 , pp. 267 – 347 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA . Cardinet , G. H. , III ( 1997 ). Skeletal muscle function . In “ <strong>Clinical</strong> <strong>Biochemistry</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> <strong>Animals</strong> ” ( J. J. Kaneko , J. W. Harvey , and M. L. Bruss , Eds.) , pp. 407 – 440 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA . Carlson , G. W. (1997 ). Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance . In “<strong>Clinical</strong> <strong>Biochemistry</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> <strong>Animals</strong> ” (J. J. Kaneko , J. W. Harvey , and M. L. Bruss , Eds.) , pp. 485 –516 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA . Carmicheal , W. W. ( 1994 ). The toxins <strong>of</strong> cyanobacteria . Scientifi c. Amer. 270 , 78 – 86 . Casteel , S. W. , Johnson , G. C. , Miller , M. A. , Chudomelka , H. J. , Cupps , D. E. , Haskins , H. E. , and Gosser , H. S. ( 1994 ). Amaranthus retr<strong>of</strong>l exus (redroot pigweed) poisoning in cattle . J. Am. Vet. Med Assoc. 204 , 1068 – 1070 . Casteel , S. W. , Osweiler , G. D. , Cook , W. O. , Daniels , G. , and Kadlec , R. ( 1985 ). Selenium toxicosis in swine . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 186 , 1084 – 1085 . Casteel , S. W. , Rottinghaus , G. E. , Johnson , G. C. , and Wicklow , D. T. ( 1995 ). Liver disease in cattle induced by consumption <strong>of</strong> moldy hay . Vet. Human. Toxicol. 37 , 248 – 251 . Casteel , S. W. , Thomas , B. R. , and South , P. J. ( 1989 ). Postmortem diagnosis <strong>of</strong> potassium poisoning . J. Eq. Vet. Sci. 9 , 247 – 249 . Casteel , S. W. , Turk , J. R. , and Rottinghaus , G. E. ( 1994 ). Chronic effects <strong>of</strong> dietary fumonisin on the heart and pulmonary vasculature <strong>of</strong> swine . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 23 , 518 – 524 . Cheville , N. F. ( 1988 ). Chemical causes <strong>of</strong> disease. In “ Introduction to Veterinary Pathology ” (N.F. Cheville, Ed.). pp. 432–454. Iowa State University Press , Ames . pp. 432–454. Clemo , F. A. ( 1998 ). Urinary enzyme evaluation <strong>of</strong> nephrotoxicity in the dog . Toxicol. Pathol. 26 , 29 – 32 . Curran , J. M. , Sutherland , R. J. , and Peet , R. L. ( 1996 ). A screening test for subclinical liver disease in horses affected by pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis . Aust. Vet. J. 74 , 236 – 240 . Dalefield , R. ( 2003 ). In “ <strong>Clinical</strong> Veterinary Toxicology ” ( K. H. Plumlee , Ed.) , pp. 150 – 154 . Mosby , St. Louis, MO . DeVries , S. E. , Galey , F. D. , Namikoshi , M. , and Woo , J. C. ( 1993 ). <strong>Clinical</strong> and pathological findings <strong>of</strong> blue-green algae (Microcystis aeruginosa) intoxication in a dog . J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 5 , 403 – 408 . Dodds , W. J. ( 1997 ). Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance . In “ <strong>Clinical</strong> <strong>Biochemistry</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> <strong>Animals</strong> ” ( J. J. Kaneko , J. W. Harvey , and M. L. Bruss , Eds.) , pp. 241 – 283 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA . Doster , A. R. , Mitchell , F. E. , Farrell , R. L. , and Wilson , B. J. ( 1978 ). Effects <strong>of</strong> 4-ipomeanol, a produce from mold-damage sweet potatoes, on the bovine lung . Vet. Pathol. 15 , 367 – 375 . Dunayer , E. K. ( 2004 ). Hypoglycemia following canine ingestion <strong>of</strong> xylitolcontaining gum . Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 46 , 87 – 88 . Dziwenka , M. M. , and Coppock , R. (2003 ). In “<strong>Clinical</strong> Veterinary Toxicology ” (K. H. Plumlee , Ed.) , pp. 221 –226 . Mosby , St. Louis, MO . Erdos , E. G. (1987 ). The angiotensin I-converting enzyme . Lab Invest. 56 , 345 – 348 . Finco , D. R. ( 1997 ). Skeletal muscle function . In “ <strong>Clinical</strong> <strong>Biochemistry</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> <strong>Animals</strong> ” ( J. J. Kaneko , J. W. Harvey , and M. L. Bruss , Eds.) , pp. 441 – 484 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA .
836 Chapter | 27 <strong>Clinical</strong> <strong>Biochemistry</strong> in Toxicology Fooshee , S. K. , and Forrester , S. D. ( 1990 ). Hypercalcemia secondary to cholecalciferol rodenticide toxicosis in two dogs . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 196 , 1265 – 1268 . Gossett , K. A. , Turnwald , G. H. , Kearney , M. T. , Greco , D. S. , and Cleghorn , G. (1987 ). Evaluation <strong>of</strong> gamma-glutamyl transpeptidaseto-creatinine ratio from spot samples <strong>of</strong> urine supernatant, as an indicator <strong>of</strong> urinary enzyme excretion . Am. J. Vet. Res. 48 , 455 – 457 . Gram , T. E. , Okine , L. K. , and Gram , R. A. ( 1986 ). The metabolism <strong>of</strong> xenobiotics by certain extraheptic organs and its relation to toxicity . Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 26 , 259 – 291 . Harvey , J. W. ( 1989 ). Erythrocyte metabolism . In “ <strong>Clinical</strong> <strong>Biochemistry</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> <strong>Animals</strong> ” ( J. J. Kaneko , Ed.) , pp. 185 – 234 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA . Herndon , W. E. , Kittleson , M. D. , Sanderson , K. , Drobatz , K. J. , Clifford , C. A. , Gelzer , A. , Summerfield , N. J. , Linde , A. , and Sleeper , M. M. (2002 ). Cardiac troponins I in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy J . Vet. Intern. Med. 16 , 558 –564 . Hollinger , M. A. ( 1983 ). Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme. Status report on its diagnostic significance in pulmonary disease . Chest 83 , 589 – 590 . Jubb , K. V. F. , and Huxtable , C. R. ( 1993 ). VII. Degeneration in the nervous system . In “ Pathology <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> <strong>Animals</strong> ” ( K. V. F. Jubb , P. C. Kennedy, and N. Palmer , Eds.) , vol. 1 , pp. 334 – 383 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA . Kaneko , J. J. ( 1997 a ). Serum proteins and dysproteinemias . In “ <strong>Clinical</strong> <strong>Biochemistry</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> <strong>Animals</strong> ” ( J. J. Kaneko , J. W. Harvey , and M. L. Bruss , Eds.) , pp. 117 – 138 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA . Kaneko , J. J. ( 1997 b ). Thyroid function . In “ <strong>Clinical</strong> <strong>Biochemistry</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> <strong>Animals</strong> ” ( J. J. Kaneko , J. W. Harvey , and M. L. Bruss , Eds.) , pp. 571 – 588 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA . Keeler , R. F. , and Baker , D. C. (1990 ). Myopathy in cattle induced by alkaloid extracts from Thermopsis montana, Laburnum anagyroides, and a Lupinus spp . J. Comp. Pathol. 103 , 169 – 182 . Kelly , W. R. ( 1993 ). XI. Toxic liver disease . In “ Pathology <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> <strong>Animals</strong> ” ( K. V. F. Jubb , P. C. Kennedy, and N. Palmer , Eds.) , vol. 2 , pp. 382 – 400 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA . Kramer , J. W. , Bistline , D. , Sheridan , P. , and Emerson , C. ( 1984 ). Identification <strong>of</strong> hippuric acid crystals in the urine <strong>of</strong> ethylene glycolintoxicated dogs and rats . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 184 , 584 – 585 . Kramer , J. W. , and H<strong>of</strong>fmann , W. E. (1997 ). <strong>Clinical</strong> enzymology . In “<strong>Clinical</strong> <strong>Biochemistry</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> <strong>Animals</strong> ” (J. J. Kaneko , J. W. Harvey , and M. L. Bruss , Eds.) , pp. 338 –363 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA . Kristal , O. , Rassnick , K. M. , Gliatto , J. M. , Northrup , N. C. , Chretin , J. D. , Morrison-Collister , K. , Cotter , S. M. , and Moore , A. S. ( 2004 ). Hepatotoxicity associated with CCNU (lomustine) chemotherapy in dogs J . Vet. Intern. Med. 18 , 75 – 80 . Lassen , E. D. ( 2004 ). Laboratory evaluation <strong>of</strong> the liver . In “ Veterinary Hematology and <strong>Clinical</strong> Chemistry ” ( M. A. Thrall , Ed.) , pp. 355 – 376 . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins , Philadelphia . MacPhail , C. M. , Lappin , M. R. , Meyer , D. J. , Smith , S. G. , Webster , C. R. , and Armstrong , P. J. ( 1998 ). Hepatocellular toxicosis associated with administration <strong>of</strong> carpr<strong>of</strong>en in 21 dogs J . Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 212 , 1895 – 1901 . Maxie , M. G. ( 1993 ). The kidney . In “ Pathology <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> <strong>Animals</strong> ” ( K. V. F. Jubb , P. C. Kennedy, and N. Palmer , Eds.) , vol. 2 , pp. 447 – 522 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA . Meintjes , R. A. , Botha , C. J. , and Prozesky , L. (2005 ). Toxicity, pathophysiology and pathology in sheep following dosing <strong>of</strong> the nephrotoxic plant Nolletia gariepina (DC) Mattf . Onderstepoort. J. Vet. Res. 72 , 39 – 53 . Miyai , K. (1991 ). Structural organization <strong>of</strong> the liver . In “ Hepatotoxicology ” ( R. G. Meeks , S. D. Harrison, and R. J. Bull , Eds.) , pp. 1 – 66 . CRC Press , Boca Raton, FL . Monshouwer , M. , Witkamp , R. F. , Nijmeijer , S. M. , van Leengoed , L. A. M. G. , Verheijden , J. H. M. , and van Miert , A. S. J. P. A. M. ( 1995 ). Infection ( Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae )-mediated suppression <strong>of</strong> oxidative hepatic drug metabolism and cytochrome P 4503a mRNA levels in pigs . Drug. Metab. Dispos. 23 , 44 – 47 . Myers , J. L. ( 1993 ). Diagnosis <strong>of</strong> drug reactions in the lung . In “ The Lung: Current Concepts ” ( A. Churg and A. A. Katzenstein , Eds.) , pp. 32 – 53 . Williams & Wilkins , Baltimore . Niles , G. ( 2003 ). In “ <strong>Clinical</strong> Veterinary Toxicology ” ( K. H. Plumlee , Ed.) , pp. 218 – 221 . Mosby , St. Louis, MO . Noble , S. J. , and Armstrong , P. J. ( 1999 ). Bee sting envenomation resulting in secondary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in two dogs . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 214 , 1026 – 1027 . O’Brien , P. J. ( 2006 ). Blood cardiac troponin in toxic myocardial injury: archetype <strong>of</strong> a translational safety biomarker . Expert. Rev. Mol. Diagn. 6 , 685 – 702 . O’Brien , P. J. , Smith , D. E. , Knechtel , T. J. , Marchak , M. A. , Pruimboom- Brees , I. , Brees , D. J. , Spratt , D. P. , Archer , F. J. , Butler , P. , Potter , A. N. , Provost , J. P. , Richard , J. , Snyder , P. A. , and Reagan , W. J. (2006 ). Cardiac troponin I is a sensitive, specific biomarker <strong>of</strong> cardiac injury in laboratory animals . Lab. Anim. 40 , 153 –171 . Osweiler , G. D. , Buck , W. B. , and Bicknell , E. J. ( 1969 ). Production <strong>of</strong> perirenal edema in swine with Amaranthus retr<strong>of</strong>l exus . Am. J. Vet. Res. 30 , 557 – 566 . Osweiler , G. D. , Carson , T. L. , Buck , W. B. , and van Gelder , G. A. ( 1985 ). Nitrates, nitrites, and related problems . In “ <strong>Clinical</strong> and Diagnostic Veterinary Toxicology, ” pp. 460 – 466 . Kendall/Hunt , Dubuque, IA . Oyama , M. A. , and Sisson , D. D. ( 2004 ). Cardiac troponins-I concentration in dogs with cardiac disease . J. Vet. Intern. Med. 18 , 831 – 839 . Parton , K. H. ( 2003 ). In “ <strong>Clinical</strong> Veterinary Toxicology ” ( K. H. Plumlee , Ed.) , pp. 451 – 454 . Mosby , St. Louis, MO . Pearson , E. G. ( 1990 ). Diseases <strong>of</strong> the hepatobiliary system . In “ Large Animal Internal Medicine ” ( B. P. Smith , Ed.) , pp. 837 – 843 . Mosby , St. Louis, MO . Riley , R. T. , An , N. H. , Showker , J. L. , Yoo , H.-S. , Norred , W. P. , Chamberlain , W. J. , Wang , E. , Merrill , A. H. , Motelin , G. , Beasley , V. R. , and Haschek , W. M. (1993 ). Alteration <strong>of</strong> tissue and serum sphinganine to sphingosine ratio: an early biomarker <strong>of</strong> exposure to fumonisincontaining feeds . Toxicol. Appl Pharmacol. 118 , 105 –112 . Roberts , B. K. , Aronsohn , M. G. , Moses , B. L. , Burk , R. L. , Toll , J. , and Weeren , F. R. ( 2000 ). Bufo marinus intoxication in dogs: 94 cases (1997–1998) . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 216 , 1941 – 1944 . Robinson , W. F. , and Maxie , M. G. ( 1993 ). VII. Myocardium . In “ Pathology <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> <strong>Animals</strong> ” ( K. V. F. Jubb , P. C. Kennedy , and N. Palmer , Eds.) , vol. 2 , pp. 27 – 36 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA . Roder , J. D. ( 2003 ). In “ <strong>Clinical</strong> Veterinary Toxicology ” ( K. H. Plumlee , Ed.) , pp. 284 – 286 . 302–305 Mosby , St. Louis, MO . Rumbeiha , W. K. , Francis , J. A. , Fitzgerald , S. D. , Nair , M. G. , Holan , K. , Bugyei , K. A. , and Simmons , H. A. ( 2005 ). Comprehensive study <strong>of</strong> Easter lily poisoning in cats . J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 16 , 527 – 541 . Schwarzald , C. C. , Hardy , J. , and Buccellato , M. ( 2003 ). High cardiac troponin I serum concentration in a horse with multiform ventricular tachycardia and myocardial necrosis . J. Vet. Intern. Med. 17 , 364 – 368 . Snyder , R. ( 1979 ). Classes <strong>of</strong> hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase inducers . Pharmacol. Therap. 7 , 203 – 244 .
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VIII. Disorders of Iron Metabolism
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References 279 ( Norrdin et al ., 2
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References 281 Fresco , R. ( 1981 )
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References 283 Moore , C. V. , Duba
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References 285 Weiden , P. L. , Hac
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288 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis TABLE 1
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290 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis TABLE 1
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292 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis The pro
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294 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis exhibit
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296 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis TABLE 1
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298 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis that is
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300 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis TABLE 1
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302 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis However
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304 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis 2. Comp
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306 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis is a re
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308 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis 2. Asse
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310 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis necessi
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312 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis disease
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314 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis concent
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316 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis the rol
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318 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis proport
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320 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis a consi
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322 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis Bakhtia
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324 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis Dowd ,
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326 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis Kier ,
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328 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis Nielsen
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330 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis Tablin
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332 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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334 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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336 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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338 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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340 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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342 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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344 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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346 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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348 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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350 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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352 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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354 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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356 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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358 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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360 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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362 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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364 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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366 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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368 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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370 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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372 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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374 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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376 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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378 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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380 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function L
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382 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function e
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384 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function p
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386 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function m
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388 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function s
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390 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function f
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392 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function T
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394 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function 2
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396 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function u
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398 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function 2
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400 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function c
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402 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function F
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404 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function A
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406 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function E
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408 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function K
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410 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function R
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412 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function W
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414 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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416 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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418 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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420 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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422 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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424 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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426 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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428 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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430 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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432 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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434 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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436 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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438 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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440 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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442 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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444 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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446 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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448 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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450 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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452 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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454 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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456 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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Chapter 15 Skeletal Muscle Function
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II. Specialization of the Sarcolemm
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II. Specialization of the Sarcolemm
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III. Heterogeneity of Skeletal Musc
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III. Heterogeneity of Skeletal Musc
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V. Exercise and Adaptations to Trai
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VI. Diagnostic Laboratory Methods f
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VI. Diagnostic Laboratory Methods f
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IX. Selected Neuromuscular Disorder
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IX. Selected Neuromuscular Disorder
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References 479 and, recently, there
- Page 479 and 480:
References 481 Engel , A. G. ( 2004
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References 483 Paciello , O. , Maio
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Chapter 16 Kidney Function and Dama
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II. Kidney Morphology and Function
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II. Kidney Morphology and Function
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III. Tests of Kidney Function 491 (
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III. Tests of Kidney Function 493 T
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III. Tests of Kidney Function 495 B
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6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Dog Cat Equine Cattle
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III. Tests of Kidney Function 499 d
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IV. Tests of Kidney Damage 501 1000
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IV. Tests of Kidney Damage 503 and
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IV. Tests of Kidney Damage 505 Enzy
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V. Biochemical Changes in Kidney Di
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V. Biochemical Changes in Kidney Di
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References 511 were reported to occ
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References 513 Bovee , K. C. ( 1969
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References 515 Deguchi , E. , and A
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References 517 Fleming , S. A. , Hu
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References 519 Harvey , D. G. ( 197
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References 521 Kühl , S. , Mischke
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References 523 creatinine measureme
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References 525 Reusch , C. , Vochez
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References 527 Terry , R. , Hawkins
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Chapter 17 Fluid, Electrolyte, and
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532 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
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536 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
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538 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
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540 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
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542 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
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544 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
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546 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
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548 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
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550 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
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VIII. Clinicopathological Indicator
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References 555 plasma water, electr
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References 557 Krzywanek , H. ( 197
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References 559 Strombeck , D. R. (1
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562 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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564 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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566 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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568 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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570 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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572 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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574 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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576 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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578 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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580 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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582 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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584 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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586 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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588 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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590 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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592 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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594 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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596 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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598 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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600 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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602 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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604 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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606 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
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608 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
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610 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
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612 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
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614 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
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616 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
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618 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
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620 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
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622 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
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624 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function a
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626 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function t
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628 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function A
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630 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function S
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632 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function a
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634 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function O
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636 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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638 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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640 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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642 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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644 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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646 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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648 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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650 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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652 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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654 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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656 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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658 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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660 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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662 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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664 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals the
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666 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals the
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668 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals P i
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670 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals be
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Copper Cuproreductase Cytochromes C
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674 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals 2 .
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676 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals Cor
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678 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals inf
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680 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals tis
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682 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals VI
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684 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals red
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686 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals of
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688 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals Per
- Page 687 and 688:
690 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals In
- Page 689 and 690:
692 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals Liu
- Page 691 and 692:
Chapter 23 Vitamins Robert B. Rucke
- Page 693 and 694:
III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 697 TABLE
- Page 695 and 696:
III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 699 Carot
- Page 697 and 698:
III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 701 Major
- Page 699 and 700:
III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 703 doses
- Page 701 and 702:
III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 705 Diet
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III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 707 conta
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III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 709 immun
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IV. Water-Soluble Vitamins 711 are
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IV. Water-Soluble Vitamins 713 abil
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IV. Water-Soluble Vitamins 715 5’
- Page 713 and 714:
IV. Water-Soluble Vitamins 717 H 2
- Page 715 and 716:
IV. Water-Soluble Vitamins 719 Enzy
- Page 718 and 719:
722 Chapter | 23 Vitamins When biot
- Page 720 and 721:
724 Chapter | 23 Vitamins Cyanocoba
- Page 722 and 723:
726 Chapter | 23 Vitamins V . VITAM
- Page 724 and 725:
728 Chapter | 23 Vitamins nature, r
- Page 726 and 727:
730 Chapter | 23 Vitamins Stites ,
- Page 728 and 729:
732 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
- Page 730 and 731:
734 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
- Page 732 and 733:
736 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
- Page 734 and 735:
738 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
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740 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
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742 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
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744 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
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746 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
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748 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
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Chapter 25 Tumor Markers Michael D.
- Page 748 and 749:
II. Serum Tumor Markers 753 also be
- Page 750 and 751:
III. Flow Cytometry 755 cancer of t
- Page 752 and 753:
V. Immunohistochemistry/Immunocytoc
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V. Immunohistochemistry/Immunocytoc
- Page 756 and 757:
References 761 analysis will facili
- Page 758 and 759:
References 763 Fernandez , N. J. ,
- Page 760 and 761:
References 765 Meinecke , B. , and
- Page 762 and 763:
References 767 Walter , J. ( 2000 )
- Page 764 and 765:
770 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
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772 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
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774 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 770 and 771:
776 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
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778 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
- Page 774 and 775:
TABLE 26-7 Continued Constituent Ro
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782 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
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- Page 814 and 815: Chapter 27 Clinical Biochemistry in
- Page 816 and 817: II. Hepatotoxicity 823 Therefore, A
- Page 818 and 819: III. Nephrotoxicity 825 suggested a
- Page 820 and 821: IV. Toxins Affecting Skeletal and C
- Page 822 and 823: VII. Toxins Affecting Erythrocytes
- Page 824 and 825: VIII. Toxins Affecting Hemoglobin a
- Page 826 and 827: IX. Toxins Affecting the Nervous Sy
- Page 830 and 831: References 837 Solaiman , S. G. , M
- Page 832 and 833: 840 Chapter | 28 Avian Clinical Bio
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- Page 844 and 845: Budgerigar ALAT (IU/g tissue) Budge
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- Page 866 and 867: 874 Appendix | I SI Units TABLE E S
- Page 868 and 869: Appendix II Conversion Factors of S
- Page 870 and 871: Appendix IV Stability of Serum Enzy
- Page 872 and 873: Appendix VI Nomogram for Computing
- Page 874 and 875: t0100 Appendix VIII Blood Analyte R
- Page 876 and 877: 884 Appendix | VIII Blood Analyte R
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886 Appendix | VIII Blood Analyte R
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888 Appendix | VIII Blood Analyte R
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890 Appendix | IX Blood Analyte Ref
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892 Appendix | IX Blood Analyte Ref
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894 Appendix | IX Blood Analyte Ref
- Page 888 and 889:
Appendix X Blood Analyte Reference
- Page 890 and 891:
Appendix XI Blood Analyte Reference
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Appendix XII Urine Analyte Referenc
- Page 894 and 895:
902 Appendix | XIII Cerebrospinal F
- Page 896:
904 Appendix | XIV Cerebrospinal Fl