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226<br />

Chapter | 7 The Erythrocyte: Physiology, Metabolism, and Biochemical Disorders<br />

Ham , T. H. , Grauel , J. A. , Dunn , R. F. , Murphy , J. R. , White , J. G. , and<br />

Kellermeyer , R. W. (1973 ). Physical properties <strong>of</strong> red cells as related<br />

to effects in vivo . IV. Oxidant drugs producing abnormal intracellular<br />

concentration <strong>of</strong> hemoglobin (eccentrocytes) with rigid-red-cell<br />

hemolytic syndrome . J. Lab. Clin. Med. 82 , 898 – 910 .<br />

Hamasaki , N. , Asakura , T. , and Minakami , S. ( 1970 ). Effect <strong>of</strong> oxygen<br />

tension on glycolysis in human erythrocytes . J. Biochem. 68 ,<br />

157 – 161 .<br />

Hammond , E. , Deiss , A. , Carnes , W. H. , and Cartwright , G. E. ( 1969 ).<br />

Ultrastructural characteristics <strong>of</strong> siderocytes in swine . Lab. Invest. 21 ,<br />

292 – 297 .<br />

Hammond , G. M. , Loewen , M. E. , and Blakley , B. R. ( 2004 ). Diagnosis<br />

and treatment <strong>of</strong> zinc poisoning in a dog . Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 46 ,<br />

272 – 275 .<br />

Han , T. H. , Pelling , A. , Jeon , T. J. , Gimzewski , J. K. , and Liao , J. C.<br />

( 2005 ). Erythrocyte nitric oxide transport reduced by a submembrane<br />

cytoskeletal barrier . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1723 , 135 – 142 .<br />

Hargreaves , B. J. , Kronfeld , D. S. , Waldron , J. N. , Lopes , M. A. , Gay , L. S. ,<br />

Saker , K. E. , Cooper , W. L. , Sklan , D. J. , and Harris , P. A. ( 2002 ).<br />

Antioxidant status and muscle cell leakage during endurance exercise<br />

. Equine Vet. J. Suppl . , 116 – 121 .<br />

Harkness , D. , Osta , S. , Roth , S. , and Grayson , V. ( 1970 ). Some biochemical<br />

studies on the erythrocyte <strong>of</strong> the domestic goat, Capra hircus . Int.<br />

J. Biochem., 575 – 581 .<br />

Harkness , D. R. , Ponce , J. , and Grayson , V. ( 1969 ). A comparative study<br />

on the phosphoglyceric acid cycle in mammalian erythrocytes . Comp.<br />

Biochem. Physiol. 28 , 129 – 138 .<br />

Harris , R. L. , Cottam , G. L. , Johnston , J. M. , and Baxter , C. R. ( 1981 ).<br />

The pathogenesis <strong>of</strong> abnormal erythrocyte morphology in burns .<br />

J. Trauma 21 , 13 – 21 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. ( 1995 ). Methemoglobinemia and Heinz-body hemolytic<br />

anemia . In “ Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy XII. Small Animal<br />

Practice ” ( J. D. Bonagura , Ed.) , pp. 443 – 446 . Saunders , Philadelphia .<br />

Harvey , J. W. ( 1996 ). Congenital erythrocyte enzyme deficiencies .<br />

Veterinary Clinics <strong>of</strong> North America, Small Animal Practice 26 ,<br />

1003 – 1011 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. ( 2000 ). Hereditary methemoglobinemia . In “ Schalm’s<br />

Veterinary Hematology ” ( B. F. Feldman , J. G. Zinkl , and N. C. Jain ,<br />

Eds.) , pp. 1008 – 1011 . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins , Philadelphia .<br />

Harvey , J. W. ( 2001 ). “ Atlas <strong>of</strong> Veterinary Hematology. Blood and Bone<br />

Marrow <strong>of</strong> <strong>Domestic</strong> <strong>Animals</strong> .” Saunders , Philadelphia .<br />

Harvey , J. W. ( 2006 ). Pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and clinical<br />

implications <strong>of</strong> erythrocyte enzyme deficiencies in dogs, cats, and<br />

horses . Vet. Clin. Pathol. 35 , 144 – 156 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , Asquith , R. L. , Sussman , W. A. , and Kivipelto , J. ( 1987 ).<br />

Serum ferritin, serum iron, and erythrocyte values in foals . Am. J. Vet.<br />

Res. 48 , 1348 – 1352 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , and Beutler , E. ( 1982 ). Binding <strong>of</strong> heme by glutathione<br />

S-transferase: a possible role <strong>of</strong> the erythrocyte enzyme . Blood 60 ,<br />

1227 – 1230 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , Calderwood Mays , M. B. , Gropp , K. E. , and Denaro , F. J.<br />

(1990a ). Polysaccharide storage myopathy in canine phosph<strong>of</strong>ructokinase<br />

deficiency (type VII glycogen storage disease) . Vet. Pathol.<br />

27 , 1 – 8 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , Clapp , W. L. , Yao , Y. , and Efremov , G. D. ( 2007 ).<br />

Microcytic hypochromic erythrocytes containing siderotic inclusions,<br />

Heinz bodies, and hemoglobin crystals in a dog (abstract) . Vet. Clin.<br />

Pathol . 36, 313 – 314.<br />

Harvey , J. W. , Dahl , M. , and High , M. E. ( 1994 ). Methemoglobin reductase<br />

deficiency in a cat . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 205 , 1290 – 1291 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , French , T. W. , and Meyer , D. J. ( 1982 ). Chronic iron deficiency<br />

anemia in dogs . J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 18 , 946 – 960 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , French , T. W. , and Senior , D. F. ( 1986 ). Hematologic<br />

abnormalities associated with chronic acetaminophen administration<br />

in a dog . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 189 , 1334 – 1335 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , and Giger , U. ( 1991 ). Muscle-type phosph<strong>of</strong>ructokinase<br />

deficiency in English springer spaniel dogs . Comp. Pathol. Bull.<br />

23 ( 4 ) , 3 – 4 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , Gropp , K. E. , and Bellah , J. R. ( 1992 a ). Biochemical findings<br />

in phosph<strong>of</strong>ructokinase-deficient canine skeletal muscle . In<br />

“ State <strong>of</strong> Art in Animal <strong>Clinical</strong> <strong>Biochemistry</strong> ” ( A. Ubaldi , Ed.) ,<br />

p. 79 . Boehringer Mannheim , Parma .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , and Kaneko , J. J. ( 1975 a ). Erythrocyte enzyme activities<br />

and glutathione levels <strong>of</strong> the horse, cat, dog and man . Comp.<br />

Biochem. Physiol. [B] 52B , 507 – 510 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , and Kaneko , J. J. ( 1975 b ). Mammalian erythrocyte glutathione<br />

reductase: kinetic constants and saturation with c<strong>of</strong>actor . Am.<br />

J. Vet. Res. 36 , 1511 – 1513 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , and Kaneko , J. J. ( 1976 a ). Glucose metabolism <strong>of</strong> mammalian<br />

erythrocytes . J. Cell Physiol. 89 , 219 – 224 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , and Kaneko , J. J. ( 1976 b ). Oxidation <strong>of</strong> human and animal<br />

haemoglobins with ascorbate, acetylphenylhydrazine, nitrite and<br />

hydrogen peroxide . Br. J. Haematol. 32 , 199 – 209 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , and Kaneko , J. J. ( 1977 ). Mammalian erythrocyte metabolism<br />

and oxidant drugs . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 42 , 253 – 261 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , Kaneko , J. J. , and Hudson , E. B. ( 1977 ). Erythrocyte pyruvate<br />

kinase deficiency in a beagle dog . Vet. Clin. Pathol. 6 , 13 – 1 7 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , and Keitt , A. S. ( 1983 ). Studies <strong>of</strong> the efficacy and potential<br />

hazards <strong>of</strong> methylene blue therapy in aniline-induced methaemoglobinemia<br />

. Br. J. Haematol. 54 , 29 – 41 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , King , R. R. , Berry , C. R. , and Blue , J. T. ( 1991 ).<br />

Methaemoglobin reductase deficiency in dogs . Comp. Haematol. Int.<br />

1 , 155 – 159 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , and Kornick , H. P. ( 1976 ). Phenazopyridine toxicosis in<br />

the cat . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 169 , 327 – 331 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , Ling , G. V. , and Kaneko , J. J. ( 1974 ). Methemoglobin<br />

reductase deficiency in a dog . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 164 ,<br />

1030 – 1033 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , Pate , M. G. , Mhaskar , Y. , and Dunaway , G. A. ( 1992 b ).<br />

Characterization <strong>of</strong> phosph<strong>of</strong>ructokinase-deficient canine erythrocytes<br />

. J. Inher. Metab. Dis. 15 , 747 – 759 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , Peteya , D. J. , and Kociba , G. J. ( 1990 b ). Utilization <strong>of</strong><br />

an enzyme heat stability test and erythrocyte glycolytic intermediate<br />

assays in the diagnosis <strong>of</strong> canine pyruvate kinase deficiency . Vet.<br />

Clin. Pathol. 19 , 55 – 58 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , and Rackear , D. ( 1985 ). Experimental onion-induced<br />

hemolytic anemia in dogs . Vet. Pathol. 22 , 387 – 392 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , and Reddy , G. R. ( 1989 ). Postnatal hematologic development<br />

in phosph<strong>of</strong>ructokinase-deficient dogs . Blood 74 , 2556 – 2561 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , Sameck , J. H. , and Burgard , F. J. (1979 ). Benzocaine-induced<br />

methemoglobinemia in dogs . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 175 , 1171 –1175 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , and Smith , J. E. ( 1994 ). Haematology and clinical chemistry<br />

<strong>of</strong> English springer spaniel dogs with phosph<strong>of</strong>ructokinase deficiency<br />

. Comp. Haematol. Int. 4 , 70 – 74 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , Stockham , S. L. , Scott , M. A. , Johnson , P. J. , Donald , J. J. ,<br />

and Chandler , C. J. ( 2003 ). Methemoglobinemia and eccentrocytosis<br />

in equine erythrocyte flavin adenine dinucleotide deficiency . Vet.<br />

Pathol. 40 , 632 – 642 .<br />

Harvey , J. W. , Sussman , W. A. , and Pate , M. G. ( 1988 ). Effect <strong>of</strong><br />

2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration on the alkaline fragility <strong>of</strong>

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