Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals (Sixth Edition) - UMK ...

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References 837 Solaiman , S. G. , Maloney , M. A. , Qureshi , M. A. , Davis , G. , and D’Andrea , G. ( 2001 ). Effects of high copper supplements on performance, health, plasma copper and enzymes in goats . Small. Rumin. Res. 41 , 127 – 139 . Stegelmeier , B. ( 2003 ). In “ Clinical Veterinary Toxicology ” ( K. H. Plumlee , Ed.) , pp. 370 – 377 . Mosby , St. Louis, MO . Stocker , R. , Yamamoto , Y. , McDonagh , A. F. , Glazer , A. N. , and Ames , B.N. (1987 ). Bilirubin is an antioxidant of possible physiological importance . Science 235 , 1043 – 1046 . Stockham , S. L. , and Scott , M. A. ( 2002 ). “ Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology . ” Iowa State , Ames . Tennant , B. C. , and Hornbuckle , W. E. ( 1997 ). Gastrointestinal function . In “ Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals ” ( J. J. Kaneko , J. W. Harvey, and M. L. Bruss , Eds.) , pp. 417 – 461 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA . Thrall , M. A. ( 2004 ). Regenerative Anemia . In “ Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry ,” pp. 95 – 120 . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins , Philadelphia . Trainor , D. , Center , S. A. , Randolph , F. , Balkman , C. E. , Warner , K. L. , Crawford , M. A. , Adachi , K. , and Erb , H. N. ( 2003 ). Urine sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids as a diagnostic test for liver disease in cats . J. Vet. Intern. Med. 17 , 145 – 153 . Turk , J. R. ( 1980 ). Chronic parenteral selenium administration in a dog . Vet. Pathol. 17 , 493 – 496 . Valli , V. E. O. (1993 ). The erythron . In “Pathology of Domestic Animals ” (K. V. F. Jubb , P. C. Kennedy, and N. Palmer , Eds.) , vol. 3 , pp. 157 –265 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA . Van Vleet , J. F. , and Ferrans , V. J. ( 1986 ). Myocardial diseases of animals . Am. J. Pathol. 124 , 98 – 174 . Yager , J. A. , and Scott , D. W. ( 1993 ). VI. Physicochemical diseases of the skin, and VII. Actinic diseases of the skin . In “Pathology of Domestic Animals ” ( K. V. F. Jubb , P. C. Kennedy , and N. Palmer , Eds.) , vol. 1 , pp. 579 – 597 . Academic Press , San Diego, CA . Weaver , D. M. , Tyler , J. W. , Marion , R. S. , Casteel , S. W. , Loiacono , C. M. , and Turk , J. R. ( 1999 ). Subclinical copper accumulation in llamas . Can. Vet. J. 40 , 422 – 424 .
Chapter 28 Avian Clinical Biochemistry J. T. Lumeij Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands I. INTRODUCTION II. COLLECTION OF BLOOD SAMPLES A. Size of Blood Samples B. Handling of Blood Samples C. Sampling Procedure III. STARVATION, FLIGHT, AND POSTPRANDIAL EFFECTS: CIRCADIAN AND CIRCANNUAL RHYTHMS A. Introduction B. Biochemistry of Long-Term Starvation C. Biochemistry of Endurance Flight IV. PLASMA PROTEINS A. Introduction B. Plasma versus Serum C. Physiological Variation in Female Birds D. Refractometry versus the Biuret Method E. Effect of Protein Standards F. Plasma Protein Electrophoresis: Albumin/Globulin Ratio G. Albumin Methodology H. Prealbumin V. RENAL FUNCTION A. End Products of Protein Metabolism: Hyperuricemia and Gout B. Articular and Visceral Gout C. Acute versus Chronic Renal Failure D. Prerenal Azotemia E. Urea versus BUN F. Postprandial Effects G. Other Changes Associated with Renal Failure H. Murexide Test I. Birefringent Crystals VI. HEPATOBILIARY DISEASE A. Clinical Enzymology B. Enzyme Activities in Avian Tissues C. Clearance of Enzymes from Plasma D. Experimentally Induced Liver and Muscle Disease E. Bile Pigments F. Bile Acids G. Postprandial Effects H. Plasma Ammonia: Hepatoencephalopathy I. Exogenous Markers J. Iron Storage Disease K. Clinical Diagnosis of Liver Disease VII. MUSCLE DISEASE VIII. CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS: METABOLIC BONE DISEASE A. Relation between Calcium and Protein in Avian Plasma B . Hypercalcemia C. Physiological Marrow Ossification D. Hypocalcemia Syndrome in African Grey Parrots E. Alkaline Phosphatase in Bone Disease IX. DIABETES MELLITUS AND PLASMA GLUCOSE X. EXOCRINE PANCREATIC DISEASE XI. TOXICOLOGY A. Le ad B. Zi nc C. Organophosphate and Carbamate XII. BLOOD COAGULATION A. Introduction B. Normal Hemostasis in Birds C. Diagnostic Tests D. Hemostatic Disorders ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES I . INTRODUCTION Avian medicine and surgery have been recognized as an official specialty in veterinary medicine on three continents (Europe, Australia, and North America). The increasing demand for veterinary care for individual birds with a high sentimental or economical value and efforts to conserve endangered species facilitated this awareness. The commercial poultry flock approach to diagnosis, utilizing necropsy as Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, 6th Edition 839 Copyright © 2008, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Preface It has been more than a dec
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viii Contributors Björn P. Meij (5
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2 Chapter | 1 Concepts of Normality
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10 Chapter | 1 Concepts of Normalit
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Chapter 2 Comparative Medical Genet
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I. Introduction 29 Green Red Green
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I. Introduction 31 A1 genetic map d
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I. Introduction 33 of genomes of va
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36 Chapter | 2 Comparative Medical
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46 Chapter | 3 Carbohydrate Metabol
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IX. Disorders of Carbohydrate Metab
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X. Disorders of Ruminants Associate
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X. Disorders of Ruminants Associate
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References 79 Kaneko , J. J. , Luic
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Chapter 4 Lipids and Ketones Michae
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II. Long Chain Fatty Acids 83 FIGUR
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II. Long Chain Fatty Acids 85 Plasm
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IV. Phospholipids 87 The regulation
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V. Cholesterol 89 V. CHOLESTEROL A.
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VI. Lipoproteins 91 TABLE 4-1 Compo
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VI. Lipoproteins 93 TABLE 4-2 Apoli
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96 Chapter | 4 Lipids and Ketones B
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98 Chapter | 4 Lipids and Ketones
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Chapter 5 Proteins, Proteomics, and
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III. Metabolism of Proteins 119 C .
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IV. Plasma Proteins 121 NH 4 HCO
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V. Methodology 123 molecule. The gl
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V. Methodology 125 has occurred wil
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V. Methodology 127 Although attempt
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V. Methodology 129 kD 94 67 43 2 2
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V. Methodology 131 D . Specific Pro
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VI. Normal Plasma and Serum Protein
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VII. Interpretation of Serum Protei
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References 149 Andersson , M. , Ste
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References 151 response of haptoglo
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References 153 dogs with metastasiz
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References 155 Watson , T. D. G. (
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158 Chapter | 6 Clinical Veterinary
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V. Methods for Evaluation of the Im
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VI. Laboratory Diagnosis of Disease
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Chapter 7 The Erythrocyte: Physiolo
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II. Hematopoiesis 175 progenitor ce
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III. Developing Erythroid Cells 177
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IV. Mature RBC 185 immune-mediated
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IV. Mature RBC 187 TABLE 7-3 Erythr
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IV. Mature RBC 189 TABLE 7.5 Erythr
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IV. Mature RBC 191 Echinocyte forma
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IV. Mature RBC 193 Pig RBC isoantig
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IV. Mature RBC 195 occurs in chicke
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IV. Mature RBC 197 inorganic phosph
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IV. Mature RBC 199 (a) FIGURE 7-6 T
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IV. Mature RBC 201 RBC 2,3DPG incre
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IV. Mature RBC 203 mechanisms would
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IV. Mature RBC 205 released during
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IV. Mature RBC 207 reduced by ascor
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V. Determinants of RBC Survival 209
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V. Determinants of RBC Survival 211
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VI. Inherited Disorders of RBCs 213
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described in people. They include a
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References 221 Boas , F. E. , Forma
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References 223 Della Rovere , F. ,
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References 225 Gedde , M. M. , Davi
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References 227 phosphofructokinase-
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References 229 Knight , A. P. , Las
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References 231 Martinovich , D. , a
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References 233 Pearson , W. , Boerm
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References 235 Shadduck , R. K. ( 1
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References 237 Tennant , B. , Dill
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References 239 Williams , D. M. , L
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Chapter 8 Porphyrins and the Porphy
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II. Porphyrins 243 two vinyl groups
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II. Porphyrins 245 TABLE 8-2 Nomenc
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IV. Porphyrias 247 6. Uroporphyrins
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IV. Porphyrias 249 i . Urine It is
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IV. Porphyrias 251 to localize the
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IV. Porphyrias 253 FIGURE 8-6 Metab
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IV. Porphyrias 255 estrogens. The d
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References 257 and hexachlorobenzen
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Chapter 9 Iron Metabolism and Its D
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II. Iron Distribution 261 plasma of
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IV. Plasma Iron Transport 263 pathw
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VI. Iron Metabolism in Cells 265 of
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VI. Iron Metabolism in Cells 267 in
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VII. Tests for Evaluating Iron Meta
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VII. Tests for Evaluating Iron Meta
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VIII. Disorders of Iron Metabolism
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References 279 ( Norrdin et al ., 2
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References 281 Fresco , R. ( 1981 )
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References 283 Moore , C. V. , Duba
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References 285 Weiden , P. L. , Hac
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288 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis TABLE 1
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292 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis The pro
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294 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis exhibit
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298 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis that is
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302 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis However
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304 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis 2. Comp
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306 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis is a re
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308 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis 2. Asse
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310 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis necessi
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312 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis disease
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314 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis concent
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316 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis the rol
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318 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis proport
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320 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis a consi
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322 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis Bakhtia
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324 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis Dowd ,
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326 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis Kier ,
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328 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis Nielsen
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330 Chapter | 10 Hemostasis Tablin
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332 Chapter | 11 Neutrophil Functio
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352 Chapter | 12 Diagnostic Enzymol
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380 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function L
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382 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function e
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384 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function p
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386 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function m
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388 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function s
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390 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function f
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392 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function T
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394 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function 2
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396 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function u
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398 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function 2
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400 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function c
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402 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function F
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404 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function A
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406 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function E
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408 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function K
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410 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function R
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412 Chapter | 13 Hepatic Function W
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414 Chapter | 14 Gastrointestinal F
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Chapter 15 Skeletal Muscle Function
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II. Specialization of the Sarcolemm
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II. Specialization of the Sarcolemm
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III. Heterogeneity of Skeletal Musc
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III. Heterogeneity of Skeletal Musc
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V. Exercise and Adaptations to Trai
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VI. Diagnostic Laboratory Methods f
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VI. Diagnostic Laboratory Methods f
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IX. Selected Neuromuscular Disorder
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IX. Selected Neuromuscular Disorder
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References 479 and, recently, there
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References 481 Engel , A. G. ( 2004
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References 483 Paciello , O. , Maio
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Chapter 16 Kidney Function and Dama
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II. Kidney Morphology and Function
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II. Kidney Morphology and Function
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III. Tests of Kidney Function 491 (
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III. Tests of Kidney Function 493 T
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III. Tests of Kidney Function 495 B
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6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Dog Cat Equine Cattle
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III. Tests of Kidney Function 499 d
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IV. Tests of Kidney Damage 501 1000
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IV. Tests of Kidney Damage 503 and
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IV. Tests of Kidney Damage 505 Enzy
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V. Biochemical Changes in Kidney Di
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V. Biochemical Changes in Kidney Di
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References 511 were reported to occ
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References 513 Bovee , K. C. ( 1969
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References 515 Deguchi , E. , and A
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References 517 Fleming , S. A. , Hu
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References 519 Harvey , D. G. ( 197
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References 521 Kühl , S. , Mischke
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References 523 creatinine measureme
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References 525 Reusch , C. , Vochez
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References 527 Terry , R. , Hawkins
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Chapter 17 Fluid, Electrolyte, and
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532 Chapter | 17 Fluid, Electrolyte
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VIII. Clinicopathological Indicator
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References 555 plasma water, electr
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References 557 Krzywanek , H. ( 197
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References 559 Strombeck , D. R. (1
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562 Chapter | 18 Pituitary Function
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606 Chapter | 19 Adrenocortical Fun
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624 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function a
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626 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function t
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628 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function A
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630 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function S
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632 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function a
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634 Chapter | 20 Thyroid Function O
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636 Chapter | 21 Clinical Reproduct
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664 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals the
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666 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals the
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668 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals P i
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670 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals be
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Copper Cuproreductase Cytochromes C
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674 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals 2 .
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676 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals Cor
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678 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals inf
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680 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals tis
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682 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals VI
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684 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals red
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686 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals of
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688 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals Per
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690 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals In
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692 Chapter | 22 Trace Minerals Liu
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Chapter 23 Vitamins Robert B. Rucke
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III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 697 TABLE
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III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 699 Carot
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III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 701 Major
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III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 703 doses
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III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 705 Diet
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III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 707 conta
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III. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 709 immun
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IV. Water-Soluble Vitamins 711 are
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IV. Water-Soluble Vitamins 713 abil
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IV. Water-Soluble Vitamins 715 5’
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IV. Water-Soluble Vitamins 717 H 2
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IV. Water-Soluble Vitamins 719 Enzy
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722 Chapter | 23 Vitamins When biot
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724 Chapter | 23 Vitamins Cyanocoba
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726 Chapter | 23 Vitamins V . VITAM
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728 Chapter | 23 Vitamins nature, r
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730 Chapter | 23 Vitamins Stites ,
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732 Chapter | 24 Lysosomal Storage
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Chapter 25 Tumor Markers Michael D.
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II. Serum Tumor Markers 753 also be
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III. Flow Cytometry 755 cancer of t
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V. Immunohistochemistry/Immunocytoc
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V. Immunohistochemistry/Immunocytoc
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References 761 analysis will facili
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References 763 Fernandez , N. J. ,
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References 765 Meinecke , B. , and
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References 767 Walter , J. ( 2000 )
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770 Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Flui
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TABLE 26-7 Continued Constituent Ro
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888 Appendix | VIII Blood Analyte R
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890 Appendix | IX Blood Analyte Ref
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Appendix X Blood Analyte Reference
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Appendix XI Blood Analyte Reference
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Appendix XII Urine Analyte Referenc
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902 Appendix | XIII Cerebrospinal F
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904 Appendix | XIV Cerebrospinal Fl
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