Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals (Sixth Edition) - UMK ...

References
835
Plants classified as seleniferous actively concentrate Se.
Seleniferous plants can be subclassified as obligate (requiring
Se) and facultative (Se not required). Astragalus spp.
(locoweed), Machaeranthera spp., Oonopsis spp. (goldenweed),
Stanleya spp., and Xylorrhiza spp. (wood aster) are
obligate accumulators of selenium. These species are generally
nonpalatable and are consumed only by herbivores
with little other available forage. Several plants are facultative
accumulators of selenium including the genera Asters,
Atriplex, Catilleja, Gutierrezia, and Sideranthus, which
are more often associated with forage-associated selenium
intoxication. In addition, various grasses and crops
may accumulate from 1 to 25 ppm selenium when grown
on seleniferous soils. The differences in selenium accumulation
by these three groups are rather indistinct. Grasses
are by far the most important group from the standpoint of
sheer numbers of livestock affected.
Grazing of seleniferous plants may result in acute gastroenteritis,
but it also induces what has historically been
called “ alkali disease ” that manifests as alopecia and dystrophic
growth of the hooves primarily in horses, cattle,
and goats. There are conflicting reports regarding the hepatotoxicity,
nephrotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity of selenium.
Vicia villosa (hairy vetch) produces angiocentric eosinophilic
granulomatous inflammation of the skin, myocardium,
kidney, lymph nodes, thyroid, and adrenal glands.
The mechanism is unknown. The skin lesions are pruritic.
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