Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals (Sixth Edition) - UMK ...

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Chapter | 26 Cerebrospinal Fluid
TABLE 26-6 Biochemical Constituents of CSF of the Cat a
Constituent Rand et al., 1990 b Hochwald et al., 1969 Ames, 1964 Fankhauser, 1962
Methods
# RBC/ μ l
Necropsy
Total protein (mg/dl)
Cerebellomedullary
Reference range
Lumbar
Method
Albumin (mg/dl)
Cerebellomedullary
Lumbar
γ -Globulin (mg/dl SD)
Cerebellomedullary
Lumbar
IgG (mg/dl)
Reference range
30
Yes
18 7
b
6–36
Ponceau S
1.4 1.7
0–5.3
IgG–Total protein index 0.321 0.210
(0.086–1.297)
Aspartate transferase (U/L)
Reference range
Creatine kinase (U/L)
Reference range
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)
Reference range
17 7
0–34
47 51
b
2–236
12 5
b
0–24
NS
No
27.0 8.8
44.0 1.7
Biuret
6.5 2.1
10.1 2.9
1.2 0.27
1.6 0.30
Calcium (mEq/kg H 2 O SE) 1.50 0.06 5.2 mg/dl
Chloride (mEq/kg H 2 O SE) 144 2 900 mg/dl
Magnesium (mEq/kg H 2 O SE)) 1.33 0.02
Potassium (mEq/kg H 2 O SE) 2.69 0.09
Sodium (mEq/kg H 2 O SE) 158 4
Glucose (mg/dl)
Reference range
pH
74.54 23.6
18.2–130.9
a
Mean 1 SD, observed range in parentheses, unless otherwise noted. Values are for cerebellomedullary fl uid unless otherwise noted.
b
Signifi cantly correlated with CSF RBC count.
NS not stated.
NS
NS
20
NS
85
Slightly alkaline
barrier to macromolecules. When total CSF protein
increases, the albumin concentration increases disproportionately.
This phenomenon illustrates the role of molecular
size in determining the distribution of serum proteins
into the CSF ( Felgenhauer, 1974 ).
2 . Alpha and Beta Globulins
Immunoelectrophoresis can separate the alpha and beta
globulins into several proteins ( Table 26.9 ). The origin of
tau protein (beta 2 transferrin) is uncertain. This protein may
be modified serum transferrin (beta 1 transferrin) or it may
be a unique protein, “ tau protein, ” in the CSF ( Fishman,
1992 ). In veterinary and human medicine, no correlation
has been made between changes in the concentrations of
these globulins and specific neurological disease ( Fishman,
1992 ; Sorjonen et al., 1991 ). Thus, their measurement has
limited clinical use at this time.
3 . Gamma Globulins
Because of the changes found in association with multiple sclerosis
and other inflammatory diseases, the gamma globulins
have received a great deal of attention. Electrophoretic techniques
define the gamma globulins as a heterogeneous group
of proteins with migrations at similar rates (see Table 26.9 ).
The gamma globulin fraction contains immunoglobulins.
Immunological assays identify three major immunoglobulins