Dissertation_Dr Faisal Almubarak

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Notes to Chapter III
Noel Busch, "Life Visits Saudi Arabia." Life Magazine 14, No. 22 (May, 1943), 69.
United Nations, Department of International Economics and Social Affairs. World Urbanization,
Prospects 1990: Estimates and Projections of Urban and Rural Populations and of Urban
Agglomerations (New York; United Nations, 1990), 112.
Kenneth Minogue, "Nationalism" In The Social Science Encyclopedia, edited by A. K. and J.
Kuper (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985), 551.
C. E. Black. The Dynamics of Modernization: A Study in Comparative History (New York: Harper
& Row, Publishers, 1966).
Douglass C. North, 1988, "Ideology and Political/Economic Institutions," Cato Journal 8
(Spring/Summer 1988), 23. According to North, the revolutionary technology of the 19th century
radically altered the production and distribution of the goods and services. Accompanying this
technology was an enormous increase in specialization and division of labor, and consequently radical
changes in relative prices, which altered the traditional structure of the polity.
Samuel P. Huntington, "Political Development and Political Decay," World Politics (April 1965),
406.
Karl W. Deutsh, "Social Mobilization and Political Development," American Political Science
Review IV.(September 1961), 493. Quoted in Samuel P. Huntington, "Political Development and
Political Decay," World Politics (April 1965), 388.
United Nations (1990), 2.
Mark Heller and Nadav Safran. The New Middle Class and Regime Stability in Saudi Arabia.
Harvard Middle East Papers, Modern Series: Number 3 (Cambridge, Mass.: Center For Middle
Eastern Studies, Harvard University, 1984); Samuel Huntington. Political Order in Changing
Societies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968).
The history of A1 Saud's dynasty's struggle to gain control over central Arabia and other parts goes
back to the eighteenth century. In 1744, Mohammed bin Abdul-Wahhab, a descendant from a
religious house approached Mohammed bin Saud, the ruler of the small town of Deriyah, located in
the vicinity of Riyadh. He convinced Ibn Saud to join him in reforming the religious practices of
the people, whom both agreed, failed to maintain the essence of Islam according to its pure origins.
The history of A1 Saud is divided into three realms spanning the following periods, 1744-1803,
1824-1891, and the third realm, 1902-presenL The outstanding efforts of the founder of today's Saudi
Arabia, King Abdul-Aziz A1 Saud (1890-1953), resulted in the creation of the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia, a monarchy presided over by the King and his progeny.
In Saudi Arabia there has been a system of contact between the King and other government's political
leaders which is called majlis. It has been argued to be an approach to make public demands and
concerns reach the King or his aides. It is commonly used by the public to petition requests for