Dissertation_Dr Faisal Almubarak

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64 N.C. Grill, "Urbanization In The Arabian Peninsula," Occasional Papers Series (Durham, U.K.:
Center for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, University of Durham, 1984.), 35.
65 Gasssan Salamah, op. cit.
66 Dependency theory postulates an exploitative integration of Third World economies into the
international capitalist market system. Some argue that such a relationship has been present since
the formation of the international/imperial banking in medieval Europe (Wallerstein, 1966).
Although I accept that Developing nations have developed dependent on Developed countries capital,
and technology, my analysis does not necessarily follow the intentional/exploitative thesis of
classical dependency theory.
67 According to Castells, the historians of Latin American note that commercial dependency has four
types: (1) the "enclave economy," (a form of "dependency based on the exploitation by foreign capital
of a natural resource"), (2) agricultural import-export dependency such as the case of Argentine's
cattle production, (3) plantation economy in which the economy is based on large-scate production of
particular crops such as cotton, sugar, coffee, etc., and (4) subsistence economy in which the process
of production in the country and the world market is lacking. This was the case of Saudi Arabia
prior to the exploitation of oil. In the case of the plantation economy, we find a national spatial
structure comprising large rural settlements. The population inhabits the countryside in large
villages linked with small towns which become the control centers. A low level of urbanization is
the norm with the presence of one central, large city. Manuel Castells. "Urbanization and
Dependency in the Third World." Class Notes (Transcribed from audio tape). PLUS 508, School of
Urban & Regional Planning, Los Angeles: University of Southern California (Spring, 1984).
68 The United Nations' report, World Urbanization, Prospects, 1990, estimated Riyadh's population at
2 million in 1990 and 2.7 by 1995, op cit., 192.
69 Nadav Safran (1988).
7
0 Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, 1987, op cit.
Manuel Castells, op cit
72
N.G. Grill, 3.
73
N. C. Grill, 49.
74
Manuel Castells, op.cit