Dissertation_Dr Faisal Almubarak

53
Kenneth Brown (1986b), 77.
M. Bonine, 1988, op. cit. E.Y. Galantay, C. Mechkat, in A. Saqqaf (ed.) The Middle East City:
Ancient Traditions Confront a Modern World (New York: Paragon House Publishers, 1987): 5-41.
52
Abu-Lughod (1980).
I. M. Lapidus, "Muslim Urban Society." In Middle Eastern Cities, edited by I.M. Lapidus (Beverly
and Los Angeles, 1969), 196-97.
54
Fuad Khori, "Ideological Constants and Urban Living." In The Middle East City: Ancient Traditions
Confront a Modern World. (New York: Paragon House, 1987) p.72.
M.E. Bonine, "Cities of The Middle East and North Africa." In Cities of the World, edited by
Stanley D.Brunn and J. F. Williams (New York: Harper & Row, 1983), 281-321.
56 ibid.
57 For convincing discussion and critical review of the term Islamic City see Janet L. Abu-Lughod, "the
Islamic City- Historic Myth, Islamic Essence, and Contemporary Relevance." International Journal of
Middle East Studies 2 (May 1987): 155-176.
5^ For example K. Lynch Good City Form (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1987) states that "The
Islamic city, for example, was intended and widely understood as an expression of the fundamental
religious concepts of that society." A. Saqqaf (op cit.) distinguishes the Islamic city from the Middle
Eastern one; the latter is mostly used to refer to the industrial era starting with colonialism.
59
K. Brown, 73.
60
M. Farouk-Sluglett and P. Sluglett, In Brown (1986), 286.
61
Ibid.
62
M. Bonine (1983).
63
Ibid.
64 Janet L. Abu-Lughod, Rabat: Urban Apartheid In Morocco (Princeton: N.J. Princeton University
Press, 1980).
65 Janet L. Abu-Lughod. "What is Islamic About a City Some Comparative Reflections." In The
Proceedings of the International Conference on Urbanism In Islam (Tokyo, Japan: ICUIT, 1989), 212.
66 Abu-Lughod (1987), 160.
67 E. Wirth, "Die orientalsche Stadt," Saeculum 26 (1975): 45-94. Qouted in B. Hakim (1986), 180.