Dissertation_Dr Faisal Almubarak

148
Notes to Chapter IV
1 Michael E. Bonine, "The Urbanization of the Persian Gulf Nations." In The Persian Gulf State: A
General Survey, edited by Alvin J. Cottrell, C. Edmund Bosworth, R. Burrell, K. McLachlan, and
R.M. Savory (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press), 272.
2
On the figure of Libya see Ervin Y. Galantay, "Islamic Identity and the Metropolis: the Search for
Continuity," The Proceedings of the International Conference on Urbanism in Islam Vol. 1,5-24
(Tokyo, Japan: October 22,-28,1989), 7.
3 Ahmed A. Shamekh, Spatial Patterns of Bedouin Settlement in Al-Qasim Region, Saudi Arabia
Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation (University of Kentucky, 1975).
4 John Friedmann, "Intention and Reality: The American Planner Overseas," A1P Journal (May 1969):
187-194.
^
Stefano Bianca. "The Threat to Historic Islamic Cities Through Western Style Development: The
Case of The Holy City of Medina," Islamic Quarterly 2 (1982), 109.
6 Peter G. Rowe discusses this 'paradox' in his article "Dual Aspects of Tradition in Saudi Arabian
Housing Development. In Housing Culture and Design: A Comparative Perspective edited by Setha
Low and Erve Chambers (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989), 303-334.
7 E. Y. Galanty, (1989), 6.
8
Ibid., 7.
9 G. Clark and M. Dear distinguish between four (functional) theories of the state: (i) "supplier' of public
or social goods and services; (ii) "regulator and facilitator' of the functions of the market place 1 (iii)
social engineer', the state intervenes in the economy for its own policy objectives; and (iv) 'arbiter'
mediating between the society's classes. "The State in Capitalism and the Capitalist State". In
Michael Dear and Allen J. Scott (eds.) Urbanization and Urban Planning in Capitalist Society (London:
Methuen) 1981. pp. 45-61.
1
0 P. M. Hohenberg and L.H. Lees. The Making of Urban Europe, 1000-1950 (Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1985), 157; John Hancock, "Planners in the Changing American City,
1900-1940," In American Urban History: An Interpretive Reader with Commentaries (New York:
Oxford University Press, 1973); L. Reissman. The Urban Process: Cities in Industrial Societies (New
York: The Free Press, 1970).
11
David Clark. Urban Geography (Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 1982).
12
Quoted in Reissman (1970), op. cit., 42.
1
3 This definition was adopted by the Garden Cities and Town Planning Association in 1919 with Hoard's
approval. Ebenezer Howard. Garden Cities of To-morrow (London: Faber and Faber Ltd., 1946), 26..
1
4 Peter Self, "Urban Planning". In The Social Science encyclopedia, edited by A. Kuper and J. Kuper
(London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985), 876.