Dissertation_Dr Faisal Almubarak

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306 Figure 8.7 The municipality's modernization practices took the form of bulldozing the town's center to allow for new building and wider, straight streets. The new structures were hastily glued to the organic fabric without respect for traditional architecture and design. Source: Al-Tuai's (1979). m GIB estate rajj) £S C.j«J KJa u^r do ( Figure 8.8 With more funds, the municipality has presided over the modernization of the quaint traditional built form. Map shows the impact of municipal public works such as the laying of the main road which penetrated the compact towns and the demolishing of some parts to allow for the construction of new buildings and streets. Source: Esa (1986).
307 dilapidated, mud houses had become an impediment in the path to modernity. Al-Tua'is asserts Yet, the opening of Huraimla's municipality in 1385/86 (c. 1965) constitutes an important civilized leap in the history of planning the city [sic]. For it contributed to its change through the implementation of projects, one after another, according to plans each, in the long run, suits its [Huraimla's] progressive period as part of the Kingdom at present. In addition to the widening of the old streets, [the municipality] also has embarked upon the demolishing and laying of wide avenues as it aspires to eliminate the haphazard [sic] layout of the city during the coming twenty years, and the overseeing of rapid urban growth, the coordination and modern residences according to styles which suit the needs and hygienic requirements. 12 The municipality has since led the march to a new growth suited to the exigencies of the modern age. The combined impact of widespread use of the automobile, the increasing population, rising living standards, and the acculturation brought about by modernization, all justified seemingly radical intervention by the fledgling municipal staff. 13 Starting with the demolishing of the Al-Jama'ah historical wall and its gates, the municipality spearheaded the sudden departure from the vernacular standards of urban design and building processes which forged the traditional built environment of Huraimla. Inside the traditional fabric, the municipality embarked upon a program of modernizing the "archaic" fabric, implementing surgical operations that disemboweled the compact walled settlement. Since its creation in 1968, in its efforts to "modernize" the ramshackle quarters, the municipality bulldozed a significant proportion of the meandering alleys of Huraimla to allow for the construction of new buildings, streets and parking space (Figures 8.5-8.7). Old buildings that lay in the way of the automobile were mercilessly demolished to allow for wider, straight streets suited for the car. Al-Tua'is, who marveled at the active role of the municipality, likened the municipality's intervention as being "civilized touches", that is the introduction of hygienic standards, implementation of new services and expanding circulation space to allow access for the increasing traffic brought about by the rising number of automobiles, despite the loss of the historical buildings. 14 In 1968, the municipal staff presided over the demolishing of the traditional central suq area of Al-Mashab as part of the municipality's modernization program. The old suq , which comprised twenty six small (2 by 3 meters) shops (stalls), some of which stood for the last 150 years old, was razed. The dilapidated structures were replaced with rows of larger shops built with concrete. While the need for a larger commercial area (suq) was justified by the fact that the crammed central area and its tiny shops could not be adopted to
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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscrip
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Urbanization, Urban Policy and City
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In presenting this dissertation in
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state in contemporary urban develop
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IV. Two Decades of Turmoil (1953-19
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CHAPTER VIII State-led Urbanization
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LIST OF FIGURES Number Page 1.1 Map
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CHAPTER I URBANIZATION, URBAN POLIC
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3 the same time, industrialization'
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5 macro-social change. He states th
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7 In addition to this form of livin
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9 In most cases, even physical plan
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11 V. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND STRU
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13 overview of the economic and pol
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15 research findings: an evaluation
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17 15 Quoted by C. G. Pickvance, "C
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19 resulted in problematic urbaniza
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21 Prophet taught that the Biblical
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23 and/or transformed already exist
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25 differentiation between the town
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Those who fled Makkah with the Prop
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29 left unbuilt for the use of vari
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31 The origin of the schools of tho
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33 3. THE CIRCULATION SPACE. The de
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35 duties including the supervision
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37 contrasted qualities, between th
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39 found intimate, lasting bonds of
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41 checkered early history of eclec
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43 IV. CRITIQUE OF THE MODEL Accord
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45 however contributed decisively t
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47 So, Islam's perception of dunia
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49 guild, all regulated in the ligh
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51 Prophet. By doing so , a person
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53 Kenneth Brown (1986b), 77. M. Bo
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CHAPTER HI FORCES OF CHANGE IN SAUD
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attentions from the local level to
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59 written document spelling out it
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61 was espoused to create outlets f
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63 states, Abdul-Aziz mustered his
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65 his extended family's living dep
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67 The decline was also partly caus
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69 toward a polyarchy of tribes lur
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71 Table 3.1 Oil Production and Rev
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73 With the shift from traditional,
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75 which gave the United States acc
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77 primary and secondary schools, i
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79 the urgent need to shift gears t
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81 This intermittent process of sed
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83 petitioning of the central gover
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85 leaps toward modernity. And inst
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87 of surplus population in urban c
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89 the premise that Ml benefits of
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91 imports of raw materials and mac
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93 oil exports and infrastructural
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95 determined by social status. The
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97 self-employed peasant earned a m
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99 small-arms and ammunitions facto
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101 TABLE 3.5 Top Cities with Popul
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103 SUMMARY In what seemed at the b
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105 financial support, complaints,
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107 Abdul-Rahman H. Al-Said, "The T
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109 64 N.C. Grill, "Urbanization In
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Ill My discussion starts with a his
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113 the modern state, advocating th
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115 more importance on "means" and
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117 states "A more important proble
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119 planning toward expertise and t
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121 With oil income available to th
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123 in. SAUDI GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
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125 sites. The King, who was advise
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127 municipalities, 43 village clus
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129 bustling plexus/center of immen
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131 services, for the new annexes o
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133 compensations plus a thirty per
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135 settlements, nomads and expatri
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137 the royal family, old-fashioned
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139 The five-year plan comprises (1
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141 to sort urban activities into d
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143 Yanbu occupies public land of 8
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145 land uses backed with detailed
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147 imported models, chiefly Wester
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149 15 Self (1985), 877. 16 Ibid. L
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151 big multi-story apartment build
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CHAPTER V MAJOR TRADITIONAL URBAN A
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155 A. Semi-Local Autonomy and Gove
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157 development, no master plans, a
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159 charities, waqf. For instance,
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161 faced with increasing world dem
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163 Notes to Chapter V 1 Six major
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165 The relationship between neighb
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CHAPTER VI RIYADH: FROM WALLED TOWN
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169 iMusmak Built Area '-'r.identir
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171 and saucepans, wooden chests of
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173 town inhabited mostly by the un
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175 Muslim center, when compared to
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177 In the oases and towns, propert
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179 tribal chiefs and influential t
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181 improved economy and its increa
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183 into a nuclei of the Matar subu
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185 as practiced by Amanat Ar-Riyad
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187 [AOH \*-\K il 1975 Figure 6.5 R
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189 land, reflected the Saudi econo
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191 notion, that is, the realizatio
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193 It I j i 1 i 1 i Bv gy- - 1 ili
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195 household itself. Wealthy peopl
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197 communities. Aramco introduced
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199 heritage in an era of technolog
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Figure 6.10 Riyadh: King Saud's roy
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203 LOCALITY PLAN V Figure 6.12 Al-
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205 leading to the airport. In cont
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207 on the urban scene. His reforms
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Table 6.1 Number of Permits (Constr
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Municipally population (1940s) Tabl
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213 expanding cities. Master city p
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215 Commerce. Busincu tad Ciric |QQ
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217 attention to economic determina
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219 zr/M Khjzian J T.\. Street Figu
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221 urban growth consumed most of t
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223 government spending fueled city
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225 paying consideration to the cen
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227 bring more customers to the dow
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229 While the foci of capitalist wo
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231 mollifying and complementing th
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233 The modern urban form possesses
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235 developed land use. Another 13
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237 in 1950, and the transfer of th
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239 Table 6.5 Riyadh's Land Uses an
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241 expertise impeded the implement
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243 16 Adeeb Faris. Ar Riyadh: Wath
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245 36 H. St J. B. Philby, "Riyadh:
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247 59 K. Brown. Middle Eastern Cit
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249 (valleys), Arar and Badanah, wh
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251 The unprecedented venture of bu
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253 Between 1973 and 1986 Arar witn
Page 271 and 272: 255 even shrank considerably follow
Page 273 and 274: 257 JL IgUi v / • Arar's layout d
Page 275 and 276: 259 Doxiadis Plan, (5) militarizati
Page 277 and 278: 261 Aththouqbah, the Tapline compan
Page 279 and 280: 263 processing and assembly, etc.)
Page 281 and 282: 265 rising oil revenues. 25 During
Page 283 and 284: 267 In 1976, the government authori
Page 285 and 286: 269 rv^ Figure 7.5 King Abdul-Aziz
Page 287 and 288: 271 I— _r
Page 289 and 290: 273 ; 'i'% Residential Area rV s3\^
Page 291 and 292: 275 j "Hf \\\X j»Lfc AR'AR FINAl M
Page 293 and 294: 277 them to seek better and larger
Page 295 and 296: 279 mosques and the like. The numbe
Page 297 and 298: 281 construction permits issued by
Page 299 and 300: 283 Figure 7.11 The Urban Domain fo
Page 301 and 302: 285 built environment, all consiste
Page 303 and 304: 287 Notes to Chapter VII 1 Helmut M
Page 305 and 306: 289 free of charge. If such person
Page 307 and 308: 291 47 A1 Hathloul and Amroush (198
Page 309 and 310: 293 (inevitably calling for the imp
Page 311 and 312: 295 Ashsha'eeb's topography helped
Page 313 and 314: 297 impact of these series of battl
Page 315 and 316: 299 The historical development of H
Page 317 and 318: 301 Mohammad (1803-14) the grandson
Page 319 and 320: 303 rectangular forms. In 1965-66 t
Page 321: 305 The built form of present Hurai
Page 325 and 326: 309 fr-xttxw^XvSNsvXvWx^ww&i-xyrX ,
Page 327 and 328: 311 responsible for issuing buildin
Page 329 and 330: 313 urban growth and management mus
Page 331 and 332: 315 Figure 8.11 Starting during the
Page 333 and 334: 317 to virtually all those who appl
Page 335 and 336: 319 lid t)3acs • 1 11 iffrhj =3 a
Page 337 and 338: 321 Huraimla. 22 Between 1970 and 1
Page 339 and 340: 323 In Huraimla, to encourage and e
Page 341 and 342: 325 compared to the traditional bui
Page 343 and 344: 327 Notes to Chapter VIII 1 H. St.
Page 345 and 346: 329 21 For example, the estate al A
Page 347 and 348: 331 polarization of power under the
Page 349 and 350: 333 development. This requires the
Page 351 and 352: 335 residential suburbs, megalomani
Page 353 and 354: 337 branches of the central governm
Page 355 and 356: 339 Whilst steps toward integrated
Page 357 and 358: 341 such a dynamism to suburban gro
Page 359 and 360: 343 HI. ENVISIONING THE PLURALISTIC
Page 361 and 362: 345 government, a greater flexibili
Page 363 and 364: 347 Notes to Chapter IX 1 The abili
Page 365 and 366: BIBLIOGRAPHY Abdulaal, Walead. "Imp
Page 367 and 368: 351 A1 Rashid, Ibrahim. Documents o
Page 369 and 370: 353 Bligh, Alexander. "The Saudi Re
Page 371 and 372: 355 Doxiadis Associates. Northern R
Page 373 and 374:
357 "Governmental Services and Inte
Page 375 and 376:
359 Huntington, Samuel P. Political
Page 377 and 378:
361 Ministry of Communications. Hig
Page 379 and 380:
363 Morris, A.E.J. History of Urban
Page 381 and 382:
365 Salamah, Gasssan. "Saudi Arabia
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367 Wilber, C. and K. Jameson. "Par
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