Dissertation_Dr Faisal Almubarak

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294 ,^\ , ' • • v. *,>&>*>, , Huraimla •-"TO :; J ' > • ' ' //I Figure 8.1 Map of Saudi Arabia (inset) shows the location of Huraimal. It also shows the treelike system of valleys and the location of Huraimla at the locus of network of tributaries. Source: Esa (1986). i±r v '» -7V ( * . L. V J ^/S /< » A / y w rfv. \ ;i ,-, r Figure 8.2 Huraimla is surrounded with a larger area of farmland, a factor which bestowed its inhabitants with sustenance and enticed predators. Source: A1 Tua'is (1979).
295 Ashsha'eeb's topography helped residents in securing a steady, though sluggish and precarious, development during the last four centuries. According to the 1974 census, Ashsha'eeb sub-region had a population of 6,030 inhabitants. Huraimla alone claimed 3,870 inhabitants (64%) of Ashsha'eeb's total population. By 1987, Huraimla's population rose to 5,500. II. HISTORY: GENESIS Throughout its relatively short history of five centuries, Huraimla has experienced crucial episodes giving the town its distinctive character among the A'ard region which includes Riyadh and Diry'ah, the cradle of the A1 Saud house. For example, Huraimla was the first nominee for Mohammed bin Abdul-Wahhab's drive for religious reform known in the West as Wahhabism. Ibn Abdul-Wahhab called for the reestablishment of the pure teachings of the Prophet Mohammed who lived in the seventh century A.D. His reform zeal set in motion a religious-expansionist drive which culminated in the creation of modern Saudi Arabia. Huraimla was also the starting point of the second drive to unify the country under the Al-Saud dynasty following the razing of Dyri'ah by the Ottoman viceroy in Egypt, Ibrahim Basha in 1811. In 1259H/C. 1824 Huraimla's ruler, Hamad A1 Mubarak, hosted Imam <strong>Faisal</strong> Bin Turky Al-Saud, the grand father of King Abdul-Aziz, the founder of today's Saudi Arabia, following his escape from captivity in Egypt. Since its establishment in the ninth century H (c. 15th A.D.), Huraimla secured a leading position in the ensemble of settlements comprising Ashsha'eeb area. Nearby inhabitants and nomads visited the settlement for religious advice by its qadi (judge or religious scholar) and for its market. Although a reference to Huraimla can be found in pre-Islamic and early Islamic poems, sources point that the Huraimla area was part of a large territory owned by a influential Najdi ruler. 4 However, the significant indication for actual physical, building and agriculture, development goes back to 880H/1460 AD. It is commonly narrated and accepted that the existing Huraimla was first developed in 1460 by the son of a prominent tribal chief who lived in Syria. Yousuf Abo-Reeshah was told by his father, who descended from Najdi origins and probably heard about the location, to immigrate back to Najd in order to avoid the war then raging between some tribes living in Syria. Putatively, Abo-Reeshah, following the instruction of his father, found in the relatively bestowed wadi
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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscrip
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Urbanization, Urban Policy and City
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In presenting this dissertation in
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state in contemporary urban develop
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IV. Two Decades of Turmoil (1953-19
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CHAPTER VIII State-led Urbanization
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LIST OF FIGURES Number Page 1.1 Map
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CHAPTER I URBANIZATION, URBAN POLIC
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3 the same time, industrialization'
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5 macro-social change. He states th
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7 In addition to this form of livin
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9 In most cases, even physical plan
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11 V. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND STRU
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13 overview of the economic and pol
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15 research findings: an evaluation
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17 15 Quoted by C. G. Pickvance, "C
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19 resulted in problematic urbaniza
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21 Prophet taught that the Biblical
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23 and/or transformed already exist
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25 differentiation between the town
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Those who fled Makkah with the Prop
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29 left unbuilt for the use of vari
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31 The origin of the schools of tho
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33 3. THE CIRCULATION SPACE. The de
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35 duties including the supervision
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37 contrasted qualities, between th
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39 found intimate, lasting bonds of
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41 checkered early history of eclec
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43 IV. CRITIQUE OF THE MODEL Accord
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45 however contributed decisively t
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47 So, Islam's perception of dunia
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49 guild, all regulated in the ligh
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51 Prophet. By doing so , a person
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53 Kenneth Brown (1986b), 77. M. Bo
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CHAPTER HI FORCES OF CHANGE IN SAUD
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attentions from the local level to
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59 written document spelling out it
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61 was espoused to create outlets f
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63 states, Abdul-Aziz mustered his
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65 his extended family's living dep
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67 The decline was also partly caus
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69 toward a polyarchy of tribes lur
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71 Table 3.1 Oil Production and Rev
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73 With the shift from traditional,
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75 which gave the United States acc
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77 primary and secondary schools, i
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79 the urgent need to shift gears t
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81 This intermittent process of sed
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83 petitioning of the central gover
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85 leaps toward modernity. And inst
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87 of surplus population in urban c
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89 the premise that Ml benefits of
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91 imports of raw materials and mac
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93 oil exports and infrastructural
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95 determined by social status. The
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97 self-employed peasant earned a m
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99 small-arms and ammunitions facto
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101 TABLE 3.5 Top Cities with Popul
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103 SUMMARY In what seemed at the b
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105 financial support, complaints,
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107 Abdul-Rahman H. Al-Said, "The T
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109 64 N.C. Grill, "Urbanization In
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Ill My discussion starts with a his
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113 the modern state, advocating th
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115 more importance on "means" and
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117 states "A more important proble
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119 planning toward expertise and t
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121 With oil income available to th
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123 in. SAUDI GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
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125 sites. The King, who was advise
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127 municipalities, 43 village clus
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129 bustling plexus/center of immen
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131 services, for the new annexes o
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133 compensations plus a thirty per
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135 settlements, nomads and expatri
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137 the royal family, old-fashioned
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139 The five-year plan comprises (1
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141 to sort urban activities into d
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143 Yanbu occupies public land of 8
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145 land uses backed with detailed
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147 imported models, chiefly Wester
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149 15 Self (1985), 877. 16 Ibid. L
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151 big multi-story apartment build
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CHAPTER V MAJOR TRADITIONAL URBAN A
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155 A. Semi-Local Autonomy and Gove
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157 development, no master plans, a
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159 charities, waqf. For instance,
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161 faced with increasing world dem
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163 Notes to Chapter V 1 Six major
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165 The relationship between neighb
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CHAPTER VI RIYADH: FROM WALLED TOWN
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169 iMusmak Built Area '-'r.identir
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171 and saucepans, wooden chests of
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173 town inhabited mostly by the un
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175 Muslim center, when compared to
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177 In the oases and towns, propert
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179 tribal chiefs and influential t
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181 improved economy and its increa
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183 into a nuclei of the Matar subu
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185 as practiced by Amanat Ar-Riyad
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187 [AOH \*-\K il 1975 Figure 6.5 R
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189 land, reflected the Saudi econo
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191 notion, that is, the realizatio
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193 It I j i 1 i 1 i Bv gy- - 1 ili
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195 household itself. Wealthy peopl
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197 communities. Aramco introduced
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199 heritage in an era of technolog
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Figure 6.10 Riyadh: King Saud's roy
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203 LOCALITY PLAN V Figure 6.12 Al-
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205 leading to the airport. In cont
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207 on the urban scene. His reforms
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Table 6.1 Number of Permits (Constr
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Municipally population (1940s) Tabl
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213 expanding cities. Master city p
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215 Commerce. Busincu tad Ciric |QQ
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217 attention to economic determina
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219 zr/M Khjzian J T.\. Street Figu
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221 urban growth consumed most of t
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223 government spending fueled city
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225 paying consideration to the cen
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227 bring more customers to the dow
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229 While the foci of capitalist wo
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231 mollifying and complementing th
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233 The modern urban form possesses
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235 developed land use. Another 13
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237 in 1950, and the transfer of th
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239 Table 6.5 Riyadh's Land Uses an
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241 expertise impeded the implement
Page 259 and 260: 243 16 Adeeb Faris. Ar Riyadh: Wath
Page 261 and 262: 245 36 H. St J. B. Philby, "Riyadh:
Page 263 and 264: 247 59 K. Brown. Middle Eastern Cit
Page 265 and 266: 249 (valleys), Arar and Badanah, wh
Page 267 and 268: 251 The unprecedented venture of bu
Page 269 and 270: 253 Between 1973 and 1986 Arar witn
Page 271 and 272: 255 even shrank considerably follow
Page 273 and 274: 257 JL IgUi v / • Arar's layout d
Page 275 and 276: 259 Doxiadis Plan, (5) militarizati
Page 277 and 278: 261 Aththouqbah, the Tapline compan
Page 279 and 280: 263 processing and assembly, etc.)
Page 281 and 282: 265 rising oil revenues. 25 During
Page 283 and 284: 267 In 1976, the government authori
Page 285 and 286: 269 rv^ Figure 7.5 King Abdul-Aziz
Page 287 and 288: 271 I— _r
Page 289 and 290: 273 ; 'i'% Residential Area rV s3\^
Page 291 and 292: 275 j "Hf \\\X j»Lfc AR'AR FINAl M
Page 293 and 294: 277 them to seek better and larger
Page 295 and 296: 279 mosques and the like. The numbe
Page 297 and 298: 281 construction permits issued by
Page 299 and 300: 283 Figure 7.11 The Urban Domain fo
Page 301 and 302: 285 built environment, all consiste
Page 303 and 304: 287 Notes to Chapter VII 1 Helmut M
Page 305 and 306: 289 free of charge. If such person
Page 307 and 308: 291 47 A1 Hathloul and Amroush (198
Page 309: 293 (inevitably calling for the imp
Page 313 and 314: 297 impact of these series of battl
Page 315 and 316: 299 The historical development of H
Page 317 and 318: 301 Mohammad (1803-14) the grandson
Page 319 and 320: 303 rectangular forms. In 1965-66 t
Page 321 and 322: 305 The built form of present Hurai
Page 323 and 324: 307 dilapidated, mud houses had bec
Page 325 and 326: 309 fr-xttxw^XvSNsvXvWx^ww&i-xyrX ,
Page 327 and 328: 311 responsible for issuing buildin
Page 329 and 330: 313 urban growth and management mus
Page 331 and 332: 315 Figure 8.11 Starting during the
Page 333 and 334: 317 to virtually all those who appl
Page 335 and 336: 319 lid t)3acs • 1 11 iffrhj =3 a
Page 337 and 338: 321 Huraimla. 22 Between 1970 and 1
Page 339 and 340: 323 In Huraimla, to encourage and e
Page 341 and 342: 325 compared to the traditional bui
Page 343 and 344: 327 Notes to Chapter VIII 1 H. St.
Page 345 and 346: 329 21 For example, the estate al A
Page 347 and 348: 331 polarization of power under the
Page 349 and 350: 333 development. This requires the
Page 351 and 352: 335 residential suburbs, megalomani
Page 353 and 354: 337 branches of the central governm
Page 355 and 356: 339 Whilst steps toward integrated
Page 357 and 358: 341 such a dynamism to suburban gro
Page 359 and 360: 343 HI. ENVISIONING THE PLURALISTIC
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345 government, a greater flexibili
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347 Notes to Chapter IX 1 The abili
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Abdulaal, Walead. "Imp
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351 A1 Rashid, Ibrahim. Documents o
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353 Bligh, Alexander. "The Saudi Re
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355 Doxiadis Associates. Northern R
Page 373 and 374:
357 "Governmental Services and Inte
Page 375 and 376:
359 Huntington, Samuel P. Political
Page 377 and 378:
361 Ministry of Communications. Hig
Page 379 and 380:
363 Morris, A.E.J. History of Urban
Page 381 and 382:
365 Salamah, Gasssan. "Saudi Arabia
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367 Wilber, C. and K. Jameson. "Par
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