Dissertation_Dr Faisal Almubarak

52
32
NJ. Coulson. A History of Islamic Law (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1964), quoted in A1
Hathloul, op. cit., 4.
33
A1 Hathloul (1981), 17.
34
See B.S. Hakim (1986) for elaboration.
35
A1 Hathloul (1981), 85.
3
6 Allah Says in the Holy Koran, "And diminish not the goods of the people, and do not mischief in the
earth working corruption." Koran, Arberry: 183.
37
B. Hakim (1986), 32.
3
® Hadeeth.
39
Quoted in A1 Hathloul (1981), 108.
4
® By encouraging waqf (charity geared toward the benefit of the public) Islam helped socialize private
property.
41
A1 Hathloul (1981), 135.
42
J. L. Abu-Lughod, Rabat: Urban Apartheid In Morocco (Princeton, Jew Jersey: Princeton University
Press, 1980).
43
Koran, Chapter on Women.
44
For example, in the case of drinking alcohol, in addition to abhorring its use for drink, Islam considers
those who sell it, carry it, and use its money to be equally sinful.
4
5 This simple gender-space configuration has been labeled by some Sufi-oriented scholars as Zahir and
Batin. TTie former means the outer, while the later signifies the inner. Such distinction invokes
mystical connotations to otherwise direct and simple implementation of Islamic teachings by the
residents and enforced by legal authority.
46 Janet L. Abu-Lughod, "The Islamic City-Historical Myth, Islamic Essence and Contemporary
Relevance," International Journal of Middle East Studies 19 (1987), 167.
47
Francois-Auguste De Montequin, "Religious, Social, and Physical Qualities of Islamic Urbanization."
Hamdard Islamicus 1 (Spring 1983), 64.
4
& K. Brown, "The Uses of A Concept: The Muslim City." In Middle Eastern Cities in Comparative
Perspectives, edited by K. Brown (London: Ithaca Press. 1986b): 73-82.
4
9 C. Geertz, H. Geertz and L. Rosen. Meaning and Order in Moroccan Society. Three Essays in
Cultural Analysis (Cambridge: Cambridge University). Quoted in Kenneth Brown (1986), 76.