Dissertation_Dr Faisal Almubarak

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Urbanization, Urban Policy and City Form: Urban Development in Saudi Arabia by <strong>Faisal</strong> Abdul-Aziz Mubarak A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 1992 Approved by^ (Chairperspifof Supervisory committee) 2. Program Authorized to Offer Degree Date URBAN DESIGN AND PLANNING DECEMBER 18, 1992
Page 1: INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscrip
Page 6 and 7: © Copyright 1992 Faisal A. Mubarak
Page 8 and 9: University of Washington Abstract U
Page 10 and 11: TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures L
Page 12 and 13: CHAPTER VI Riyadh: From Walled Town
Page 14 and 15: LIST OF TABLES Number Page 3.1 Oil
Page 16 and 17: ACKNOWLEDGMENT In essaying this stu
Page 18 and 19: 2 hierarchy, and virtually conditio
Page 20 and 21: 4 Adherents of the 'orthodox paradi
Page 22 and 23: 6 The majority of the Country's lan
Page 24 and 25: 8 country than to those of both the
Page 26 and 27: 10 developments. The discontinuity
Page 28 and 29: 12 alternative approach to understa
Page 30 and 31: 14 Jerusalem* ^—— — , .Amman
Page 32 and 33: 16 Notes To Chapter I 1 Helen Safa,
Page 34 and 35: CHAPTER II THE ARAB-ISLAMIC CITY: H
Page 36 and 37: 20 development of the Middle Easter
Page 38 and 39: 22 lands comprising Saudi Arabia. T
Page 40 and 41: 24 The Prophet acknowledged the val
Page 42 and 43: 26 non to the transition to sedenta
Page 44 and 45: 28 as garrisons for the advancing M
Page 46 and 47: 30 the narrow, meandering streets a
Page 48 and 49: 32 environment and resulted in the
Page 50 and 51: 34 although they could not find eno
Page 52 and 53: 36 quarters), is a private space de
Page 54 and 55:
38 What the mandarin bureaucracy wa
Page 56 and 57:
40 a number of rooms surrounding a
Page 58 and 59:
42 ahistorical, a term which denies
Page 60 and 61:
eing universal ones that can affect
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46 their natural instinct, they pre
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48 autonomy to the residents, under
Page 66 and 67:
50 Notes to Chapter n 1 Translation
Page 68 and 69:
52 32 NJ. Coulson. A History of Isl
Page 70 and 71:
54 68 Islam means submission. It in
Page 72 and 73:
in the political domain. Rapport be
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58 The enlistment of large sums of
Page 76 and 77:
60 departments to handle the growin
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62 Alan George points out that "wit
Page 80 and 81:
64 such a chaotic sprouting of hija
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66 Recognizing the need to administ
Page 84 and 85:
68 country heralding a promising fu
Page 86 and 87:
70 established in Makkah, followed
Page 88 and 89:
Overwhelmed by the new wealth, the
Page 90 and 91:
74 modest efforts toward modernizat
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76 deliberate. They were spontaneou
Page 94 and 95:
78 making apparatus. The ten-point
Page 96 and 97:
80 occupations. The emergence of th
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82 The mushrooming of governmental
Page 100 and 101:
84 Technology constitutes a third f
Page 102 and 103:
86 directly targeted at the urban c
Page 104 and 105:
88 subsidies which have resulted in
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90 Owners and their apprentices joi
Page 108 and 109:
92 TABLE 3.3 Estimated GDP Contribu
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94 electricity, transportation and
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96 2.1 percent to 8.1 percent durin
Page 114 and 115:
development of crude oil, creating
Page 116 and 117:
100 The combined effects of oil exp
Page 118 and 119:
102 how changes brought by the new
Page 120 and 121:
104 Notes to Chapter III Noel Busch
Page 122 and 123:
106 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3
Page 124 and 125:
108 52 Clive A. Sinclair, and J. S.
Page 126 and 127:
CHAPTER IV URBAN PLANNING: NATIONAL
Page 128 and 129:
112 the search for geometrical regu
Page 130 and 131:
114 By the end of the 19th century,
Page 132 and 133:
116 resulting adverse conditions in
Page 134 and 135:
118 Instead, the emerging system "i
Page 136 and 137:
120 highly technical one, in the se
Page 138 and 139:
122 space had a secondary status to
Page 140 and 141:
124 several tasks including economi
Page 142 and 143:
126 A. The Formative Era, 1930s and
Page 144 and 145:
128 V. PLANNED TOWNS AND COMMUNITIE
Page 146 and 147:
130 materials, and, like the interm
Page 148 and 149:
132 added to the city in 1951, only
Page 150 and 151:
134 Due to a lack of indigenous exp
Page 152 and 153:
136 Apart from the formulation of a
Page 154 and 155:
138 The design of these plans was w
Page 156 and 157:
140 emphasis on modern industry mir
Page 158 and 159:
142 1973, the U.S. Bechtel Corporat
Page 160 and 161:
144 functions. 61 This emphasis on
Page 162 and 163:
146 report by the prestigious High
Page 164 and 165:
148 Notes to Chapter IV 1 Michael E
Page 166 and 167:
150 28 Klosterman, op. cit.; M. M.
Page 168 and 169:
152 55 Ibid, 399. 56 Ibid. 57 Paul
Page 170 and 171:
154 However, lying in one of the ba
Page 172 and 173:
156 foundations whose benefits were
Page 174 and 175:
158 E. Home Ownership In traditiona
Page 176 and 177:
160 In Western parliamentary or ele
Page 178 and 179:
162 In Saudi Arabia, the state has
Page 180 and 181:
164 modem Saudi city. Clear underst
Page 182 and 183:
166 According to Safran, between 19
Page 184 and 185:
168 plateau, 25 kilometers wide, ov
Page 186 and 187:
170 RIYADH CITY and environs 1987.
Page 188 and 189:
172 >^«rrr iiSV )&&&£ trnmfm Figu
Page 190 and 191:
174 Najdi town rulers set the pace
Page 192 and 193:
176 of the older city. The politica
Page 194 and 195:
178 tuiittk"! Figure 6.4 (1) The pa
Page 196 and 197:
180 1950. Although a 1950 map shows
Page 198 and 199:
182 community was the first in the
Page 200 and 201:
184 village settlements. Until the
Page 202 and 203:
186 new urban land intensified. Thi
Page 204 and 205:
188 development plans facilitated t
Page 206 and 207:
190 Figure 6.6 Riyadh 1976. The 197
Page 208 and 209:
192 limitation of local ingredients
Page 210 and 211:
194 Figure 6.8 The proliferation of
Page 212 and 213:
196 mmm®, Figure 6.9 American Amba
Page 214 and 215:
198 men. It includes a vestibule wh
Page 216 and 217:
200 1. Annasiriyah: The Royal Subur
Page 218 and 219:
202 for married employees and appro
Page 220 and 221:
204 mosque and the large area of ho
Page 222 and 223:
206 Riyadh's population increased f
Page 224 and 225:
208 HI. PLANNING THE 'CITY OF FUTUR
Page 226 and 227:
210 employed 37,000 and 26,000 resp
Page 228 and 229:
212 B. City Master Plans Oil wealth
Page 230 and 231:
214 modern ones capable of meeting
Page 232 and 233:
216 the culturally relevant values
Page 234 and 235:
218 traditional values. The "doxiad
Page 236 and 237:
220 expertise from the Deputy Minis
Page 238 and 239:
222 cost of a new dwelling. Consequ
Page 240 and 241:
224 the adherence of the population
Page 242 and 243:
226 Figure 6.15 Traditional pattern
Page 244 and 245:
228 exhibiting decentralized sprawl
Page 246 and 247:
230 terms "The Contemporary city of
Page 248 and 249:
232 kilometer. These "no-man" terri
Page 250 and 251:
234 h| HW flSPil^il B80&' i Figure
Page 252 and 253:
236 ''gaCaflafla&n i'PPft ip; fcSwf
Page 254 and 255:
238 (f/c- :V^!T '' J ' m V. 1 m Jvd
Page 256 and 257:
240 per annum. If the airport, whic
Page 258 and 259:
242 Notes to Chapter VI 1 Riyadh's
Page 260 and 261:
244 arrival, migrants sought relati
Page 262 and 263:
246 5 1 This was countered in 1986
Page 264 and 265:
CHAPTER VII OIL INDUSTRIALIZATION C
Page 266 and 267:
250 modern Saudi "enclave economy,"
Page 268 and 269:
252 BUSTIC MAP OF &AUOI ARABIA Figu
Page 270 and 271:
254 improved oil revenues. Governme
Page 272 and 273:
256 government spending, corroborat
Page 274 and 275:
258 all attracted nomads, ruralites
Page 276 and 277:
m a i-.t,', 260 AR'AR COMMUNITY STR
Page 278 and 279:
262 Petitioners' requests were exam
Page 280 and 281:
264 heated territorial conflicts. T
Page 282 and 283:
266 •-*iJ^ J! To Turavf Site 1.5
Page 284 and 285:
268 regulations. Unlike the Tapline
Page 286 and 287:
270 jyu A. B Figure 7.6 The Tapline
Page 288 and 289:
272 effective planning (Figure 7.8)
Page 290 and 291:
274 study emphasized that the "need
Page 292 and 293:
276 governed by decision-making org
Page 294 and 295:
278 F. Piecemeal Development: Land
Page 296 and 297:
280 t way/'' /fit Figure 7.10 A map
Page 298 and 299:
282 (1995). The second domain envel
Page 300 and 301:
284 Table 7.3 Area of Land Uses As
Page 302 and 303:
286 government and the lack of adeq
Page 304 and 305:
288 12 Doxiadis Associates (Septemb
Page 306 and 307:
290 34 it could also be attributed
Page 308 and 309:
CHAPTER VIH STATE-LED URBANIZATION
Page 310 and 311:
294 ,^\ , ' • • v. *,>&>*>, , H
Page 312 and 313:
296 what met his criteria. Abo-Rees
Page 314 and 315:
298 The phase of the compact patter
Page 316 and 317:
300 In an effort to compel the resi
Page 318 and 319:
302 Huraimla offers an interesting
Page 320 and 321:
304 j IK \ v-^ ;i • •_— • .
Page 322 and 323:
306 Figure 8.7 The municipality's m
Page 324 and 325:
308 the rising demand for upgrading
Page 326 and 327:
310 coax the traditional society in
Page 328 and 329:
312 XT",1^4^ Figure 8.10 The munici
Page 330 and 331:
314 layouts to the north. Figure 8.
Page 332 and 333:
316 iiifcES: iQsai Figure 8.12 Al-H
Page 334 and 335:
318 Figures 8.13 By the late 1970s
Page 336 and 337:
320 the suspension or the loss of t
Page 338 and 339:
322 Table 8.1 Number of Lots/Buildi
Page 340 and 341:
324 To counter this inefficient gro
Page 342 and 343:
326 urban growth and management mus
Page 344 and 345:
328 Tabuk have been transformed int
Page 346 and 347:
CHAPTER IX CONCLUSION: ENVISIONING
Page 348 and 349:
332 comprising the whole. In short,
Page 350 and 351:
334 loan. The physical development
Page 352 and 353:
336 CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES Government
Page 354 and 355:
338 C. Urban Design and Planning Un
Page 356 and 357:
340 In a move to bring order to the
Page 358 and 359:
342 The loss of local responsibilit
Page 360 and 361:
344 Such government intervention wa
Page 362 and 363:
346 In the quest for modernization,
Page 364 and 365:
348 11 Anne Vernez Modoun. Built fo
Page 366 and 367:
350 A1 Hathloul, S. A. Traditions,
Page 368 and 369:
352 Appleyard, D. "Styles and Metho
Page 370 and 371:
354 Costa, F. J. and Allen G. Noble
Page 372 and 373:
356 Feldman, M. M. "What Kind of Ec
Page 374 and 375:
358 High Commission for the Develop
Page 376 and 377:
360 Kostiner, J. "On the Instrument
Page 378 and 379:
362 Ministry of Planning. Achieveme
Page 380 and 381:
364 Pickvance, C. G. "Comparative U
Page 382 and 383:
366 Sharp, T. The Anatomy of the Vi
Page 384:
VITA Faisal Abdul-Aziz M. Mubarak B
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Dissertation_Dr Faisal Almubarak

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