Dissertation_Dr Faisal Almubarak

17
15 Quoted by C. G. Pickvance, "Comparative Urban Analysis and Assumptions about Causality". In
Middle Eastern Cities in Comparative Perspective, 29-52 (London: Itahca Press, 1986). In this
analysis, Mullins espouses a Marxist rational of capital accumulation and class struggle.
16 Costello, V. F. Urbanization in the Middle East (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977).
17 This estimate of the Saudi population is based on the U.N. Department of International Economics
and Social Affairs' report, World Urbanization, Prospects 1990: Estimates and Projections of Urban
and Rural Populations and of Urban Agglomerations (New York: United Nations, 1990), 149. The
report projects a population of 17.1 million by 1995.
18 Shamekh , 1976.
19 On the role of Islamic Shariah in shaping traditional Arab-Muslim towns, A1 Hathloul, S. A.
Traditions, Continuity and Change in the Physical Environment: The Arab-Muslim City.
Unpublished Dissertation. Department of Architecture (Cambridge, MS: MIT, 1981); Akbar, J.
Crisis in the Built Environment: the Case of the Muslim City (Singapore: Concept Media Pte Ltd,
1988); Hakim, B. S. Arabic-Islamic Cities: Building and Planning Principles (London: Kegan
Paul International, 1986), and Hakim, B. S. "Islamic Architecture and Urbanism." In Encyclopedia
of Architecture, Design, Engineering, and Construction, Vol. 3, edited by J. Wilkes, 86-103 (New
York: John Wiley and Sons, c 1989).
20 See for example, Akbar (1988), Al-Hathloul (1981), Blake Blake, G. H. and Lawless, R. I. eds.
The Changing Middle Eastern City (London: Croom Helm, 1980); Brown, Kenneth, ed. Middle
Eastern Cities in Comparative Perspective (London: Ithaca Press, 1986b); and Saqqaf, A., ed. The
Middle East City, Ancient Traditions Confront a Modern World (New York: Paragon House, 1987).
21 For example, Abu-Lughod (1980,1987) questions the term "Islamic City." Bonine (1983,1985)
refutes the concept's validity in modern processes. However, Brown (1986) points to the persistent
usage of the term in contemporary urban research.
22 M. E. Bonine, "Urban Studies in the Middle East," Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 3
(October, 1976), 19-20.
23 Akbar, 1988.
24
A1 Hathloul, S. and Anis-ur-Rahmaan, "The Evolution of Urban and Regional Planning in Saudi
Arabia" Ekistics 312 (May/June 1985): 206-212.
25 Helen I. Safa, ed. Toward A Political Economy of Urbanization in third World Countries (Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 1982), Bryan Roberts. Cities of Peasants (Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE
Publications, 1978), D. Drukakis-Smith. Urbanization, Housing and the Development Process
(New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980).