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Conversational rules 92 Cooperative rules 92 Modality 93 The use ofmodal auxiliary verbs in speech acts 94 Meaning in modal auxiliary verbs 96 The root modals in English 96 Distal forms ofthe root modals 101 Primary Or Basic Lexical Meanings OfAfrikaans Modal Auxiliary Verbs 103 Secondary meanings ofthe Afrikaans modal auxiliaries 107 Epistemic modal auxiliary verbs 109 The uses ofepistemic modal auxiliary verbs 110 Deontic modal auxiliary verbs III Uses ofAfrikaans deontic modal auxiliary verbs 112 Individual uses 112 Afrikaans deontic modal auxiliary verbs in systems I 12 The "Greater Modal System" 116 Conclusion 116 Chapter 6 117 Emotion during Conflict Transformation 117 Introduction 117 Conflict and the drive to satisfy human needs 118 Conscious Needs 119 Basic Needs 119 Maslow's hierarchy ofneeds 120 Economic Needs 122 Hidden Needs 122 Awakening Needs 122 General communication needs 122 Information needs 123 Emotional needs 123 Entertainment needs 124 Motivational needs 124 Aesthetic needs 124 Ideological needs 124 Conflict 125 Perceptions ofConflict 125 Pure Conflict 126 Win-win agreements 126 The problems ofwin-win negotiations 127 Irreconcilable Moral Differences 127 High-stakes Distributional ConfliCls 127 Analysing Conflict 127 Scoping Conflict 128 Framing (defining what the conflict is about) 129 Interest-Based Framing 129 "Into-The-Sea" Framing And Intolerance / Win-Lose 130 Fairness-Based Framing I31 Incompatible Frames 131 Actors 132 Causes and Consequences 134 s
Underlying Factors 135 Scope ofthe Conflict 135 Previous Attempts At Settlement.. 136 Phases and Intensity 136 Stages OfConflict 137 The Discussion Stage 137 The Polarisation Stage 138 Balance ofPower 138 State ofthe Relationship 138 Majority Rule Process 139 Conflict Dynamics 139 The conflict triangle 139 Situation 140 Behaviour 140 Attitudes 141 Stereotyping 141 Stereotype-Breaking Action 143 Analytical Problem-solving 143 Establishing Personal Relationships 144 Dialogue Projects 144 Mediation 146 Integrative (Or Win-Win) Reframing 148 Joint Reframing / Assisted Reframing 148 The Segregation Stage 149 The Destruction Stage 149 A Commonly Perceived Deadlock 150 Seizing Opportunities 150 The hnportance ofTrust 151 Story Telling 152 Flexibility 153 Role-Playing As Preparation For Negotiation 154 Assessing your Opponent's Position 155 Assessing the Other Party's Goals 155 Assessing the Other Party 156 Searching for Hidden Motives 157 Establishing One's Adversary's Negotiation Authority 157 IdentifYing the Behind-the-scenes Decision-makers 158 Motivation 159 Using Motivation Direction in Communication 161 Influence OfStrong Values 162 Conflict Emergence 163 The Latency Period 163 Manifest Conflict 164 Functions ofConflict 164 Regulation Potential 164 Conflict Mapping 165 Mirror hnaging 165 consensus rule processes 166 Disadvantage ofConsensus Rule 166 Lose-Lose Agreements 167 9
Page 3 and 4: EXPRESSING EMOTION How emotion is e
Page 5 and 6: Abstract EXPRESSING EMOTION How emo
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgement The NRF for the fun
Page 9: Chapter 4 49 The grammatical encodi
Page 13 and 14: Distributive And Integrative Negoti
Page 15 and 16: Imposing Deadlines 288 Using The De
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION OF My THESIS
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 2 ST.HEJ'.lENT OF PROBLEMS
Page 21 and 22: language; };> An outline will be gi
Page 23 and 24: Emotions are considered to be react
Page 25 and 26: exposing people to onions, which ma
Page 27 and 28: It still has to be resolved whether
Page 29 and 30: of activity, the overwhelming evide
Page 31 and 32: Sternberg (1998: 542), Robert Plutc
Page 33 and 34: pinpointed. Most people feel anxiet
Page 35 and 36: According to Bulmer (1975) hate is
Page 37 and 38: Brand and Graves (1994:165) describ
Page 39 and 40: Primary appraisal, which is about w
Page 41 and 42: Values and Value Systems Values are
Page 43 and 44: Sternberg (1998:551) makes the poin
Page 45 and 46: THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTlVIST ApPROACH
Page 47 and 48: RATIONALISATION According to Bulmer
Page 49 and 50: Bulmer (1975:vi) defines empathy as
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 4 THE GRAM.\L\TIC\l. ENCODI
Page 53 and 54: SOCIAL EVENT DEMOTION ACTION RESPON
Page 55 and 56: from an anthropological point of vi
Page 57 and 58: symbolic reference is not understoo
Page 59 and 60: The role ofnouns in the expression
Page 61 and 62:
In the choice ofa vocative Combrink
Page 63 and 64:
Class 3 singular: izimu (an ogre) >
Page 65 and 66:
Titles as vocatives Title vocatives
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"Jy. staan regop en trek in ;ou boe
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THE ROLE OF VERBS IN THE EXPRESSION
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Stre/ende woorde (Soothing words) W
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Eksaljou help. (I shall help you) D
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lsiZulu is said to have nine tone p
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CONCLUSION This chapter I demonstra
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organism to the world through such
Page 81 and 82:
with the latter "the state and what
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(ii) The directive class of speech
Page 85 and 86:
With Intentional states a belief is
Page 87 and 88:
circumstances by those in certain i
Page 89 and 90:
Directives: advising, admonishing,
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negotiation situations. Deterring,
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HI insist that you go to London. "
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deductions. Implications and inclus
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Secondly, there is a modal meaning
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When you permit a person bythe use
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These modals, like must, denote obl
Page 103 and 104:
DISTAl FORMS OF THE ROOT MODAlS Cou
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He will buy a car next year. When s
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(He can play rugby well) Hulle kon
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(You only have to translate the fir
Page 111 and 112:
Werklikheid/ feitelikheid (Realityl
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According to Van Schoor (1982:271)
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MOET (must) is the central auxiliar
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(Will you help me?) Sal jy my nie h
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Chapter 6 EMOTION DURING CONFLICT T
Page 121 and 122:
important to understand human needs
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Self-actualisation needs are the la
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pacts. Mersham and Skinner further
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station or going to a particular ch
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in each other's welfare negotiate,
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The scoping of a conflict is import
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may wish for or fight for the total
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}> How these groups mobilise i.e. i
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perceived goals and interests, cult
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Related to recognizing related disp
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egularly to see which ofthe factors
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eventually engaging in the armed st
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Stereotype-Breaking Action Using di
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that of Cyril Ramaphosa ofthe ANC a
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Mediation is usually successful in
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A mediator can also help the groups
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oth internally and externally. Thes
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this kind of narrative about the So
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ASSESSING YOUR OPPONENT'S POSITION
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SEARCHING FOR HIDDEN MOTIVES It has
Page 161 and 162:
MOTIVATION Motivation and emotion o
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stress levels are still Iow. Andrea
Page 165 and 166:
een violated like when one feels an
Page 167 and 168:
Conflict Mapping Wehr states how th
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another instead of selfishly sticki
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Conflict Intrapersonal Interpersona
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government (KIug 2000:1) This happe
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Conflict transformation also means,
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empowennent or recognition ofoppone
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CONSTRUCTIVE CONFRONTATION Construc
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force in resolving the conflict. Ta
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etain the majority it gained in a p
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CRISIS MANAGEMENT DURING CONFLICT T
Page 187 and 188:
It is advisable to be prepared for
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augment your team and to avoid this
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the factors that modifY the general
Page 193 and 194:
Tuesday, September 30, 1997) Howeve
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e scrutinised as well as the role o
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pre-negotiation is handIed well it
Page 199 and 200:
Third parties or intennediaries als
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epresentatives of the government an
Page 203 and 204:
~ If the surroundings at the neutra
Page 205 and 206:
will take longer. Therefore Fuller
Page 207 and 208:
The agenda for the CODESA negotiati
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elections. After the elections the
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The disadvantage is that some offer
Page 213 and 214:
struggle into dialogue leaving nega
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constituent assembly and an interim
Page 217 and 218:
At level 2 integrative agreement is
Page 219 and 220:
Insecure. Emotional Stability This
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THE EFFECT OF MEMBER PERSONALITY FA
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Barry and Friedman (1998:348) defin
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oute" and the "heuristic or periphe
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persistence of persuasion e.g. "inc
Page 229 and 230:
fact that the people were being kil
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you want them to do and feel comfor
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Samaritan" (Fuller 1991:91) will ne
Page 235 and 236:
that splitting the difference shoul
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The occurrence of violence before a
Page 239 and 240:
person with real power, she is also
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to reason, then you will rather neg
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to be for that purpose. He had also
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You should also ask yourselfifthe o
Page 247 and 248:
unacceptable offer, do not be blunt
Page 249 and 250:
and evaluation of the offer. Changi
Page 251 and 252:
These people, therefore, need to be
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constituency by not agreeing to the
Page 255 and 256:
your adversary may persuade you to
Page 257 and 258:
If the criteria for detennining the
Page 259 and 260:
services and other areas of public
Page 261 and 262:
after the deal is reached, are over
Page 263 and 264:
display one's frustration and emoti
Page 265 and 266:
suits you. It must be noted that du
Page 267 and 268:
TAKING ADVANTAGE OF DIVISIONS IN TH
Page 269 and 270:
(1992:196) recommends that one shou
Page 271 and 272:
prisoners and other individuals. Th
Page 273 and 274:
Bullying Tactics It was discussed e
Page 275 and 276:
Fuller (1992:206) mentions other ty
Page 277 and 278:
- Do the parties all know their alt
Page 279 and 280:
IGNORING THEM AND CONTINUING WITH D
Page 281 and 282:
up in jail for human rights violati
Page 283 and 284:
concessions have been made. However
Page 285 and 286:
extremists were arrested. That made
Page 287 and 288:
in negotiations, it helps to shift
Page 289 and 290:
what they are saying during discuss
Page 291 and 292:
Involving Higher Level Participatio
Page 293 and 294:
international law during the compro
Page 295 and 296:
what his problem is. If you succeed
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confederation ofhomelands each with
Page 299 and 300:
apology and forgiveness and it cons
Page 301 and 302:
Desmond Tutu as chairperson ofthe C
Page 303 and 304:
long way towards promoting the clim
Page 305 and 306:
experiencing friendship, intimacy,
Page 307 and 308:
ecause of the frequent exchange mak
Page 309 and 310:
in the case of a buyer who is only
Page 311 and 312:
limit". At a more complex level the
Page 313 and 314:
Barry and Oliver (1996) mention fiv
Page 315 and 316:
AFFECT RELATED To SETTLEMENTS AND O
Page 317 and 318:
Both affect sequences are a result
Page 319 and 320:
our behaviour during negotiation; w
Page 321 and 322:
In the same page Thompson (1998) sa
Page 323 and 324:
accept." Jackall quotes an example
Page 325 and 326:
called "a manic-depressive," a term
Page 327 and 328:
with pauses or whether he speaks co
Page 329 and 330:
Contagion According to an experimen
Page 331 and 332:
Freedom To Express Emotion This dep
Page 333 and 334:
Controlled And Deliberate Emotional
Page 335 and 336:
who is perceived to be disliked by
Page 337 and 338:
especially in social contexts like
Page 339 and 340:
He also found that negotiators who
Page 341 and 342:
Ekman (1999) does not consider a br
Page 343 and 344:
There is also transactive memory wh
Page 345 and 346:
However, they can also enhance or w
Page 347 and 348:
Chapter 7 CONCLUSIONS This has been
Page 349 and 350:
BmLIOGRAPHY AUTHORED REFERENCES All
Page 351 and 352:
Barry, Bruce (with G.L. Stewart), 1
Page 353 and 354:
Fauconnier. Gilles 1995 Mental Spac
Page 355 and 356:
Langacker, Ronald W. 1993. Foundati
Page 357 and 358:
Taylor, John R. 1991 Linguistic Cat
Page 359 and 360:
NON-AuTHORED REFERENCES Conflict Re
Page 361 and 362:
Conflict Research Consortium 1998 I
Page 363 and 364:
Conflict Research Consortium 1998 R
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