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Job designations as vocatives Some job designations that, according to Combrink (1982:14), have not been elevated to titles for those that qualitY, can be used as affective vocatives for the nonqualifYing e.g. "Geneesheer, genees jouself." (Doctor, heal yourself.) " Skoenmaker, hou jou by jou lees." (Shoemaker, stick to your anvil i.e. mind your own business) Social status, age, gender, etc determine what kind of name will be used when referring to a person or addressing him. If a person being addressed is of a higher status or when the people talking don't know each other very well, then the formal title and surname is used. Ifa person ofhigher status is mentioned by nickname, first name or surname, it is a sign ofdisrespect. Doke (1968:279) mentions three types ofwhat he calls "common inteIjections": (i) InteIjections ofassent: Yebo} Ehe} YES And negation: H(h) ayi h(h)ayibo } Chachabo} Qha qhabo} NO (ii) Exclamations ofwonder, fear, annoyance, etc. Pronouns as vocatives The Afukaans pronouns jy- you (singular, informal) and julle-you (plural, informal) can be used as vocatives e.g.: 64
"Jy. staan regop en trek in ;ou boepens. " (You, stand straight up and pull in your stomach) "Julle. kom ons gaan speelludo. " (you, let us go and play ludo) Combrink1982: 20 Here the speaker is issuing an order. Further,jy andjulle can also be used as part ofthe vocative e.g. "Jv met die groen troi wat so sit en gaap. as iy verveeld is, moenie die mense rondom iou ook nog sit en hinder nie. " (You with the green jersey, who are sitting and giggling, if you are bored, don't also sit and bother the people around you.) Combrink 1982:20 Julle wat laat is. bring iulle werk. (You that are late bring vour work) "Jou vabond, wag, ek sal iou krv. " (You rascal, wait, I'll get you) Muskietejag: A.D.Keet u - you (singular and plural-formal) cannot be used as a vocative on its own, but can be used as part ofthe vocative as in: U Edele. ek pleit onskuldig. (Your worship, I plead not guilty) "Die wat minder as 50 persent het. bly assebliefsit. Die ander kan maar gaan. " (Those of you, who have less than SO percent, please remain seated. The others may go) (Combrink: 1982) 'In IsiZulu only second person singular and plural pronouns are used as vocatives and they are not inflected: Wena (you - singular) Nina (you - plural) Nonke - (all ofyou) 65
Page 3 and 4:
EXPRESSING EMOTION How emotion is e
Page 5 and 6:
Abstract EXPRESSING EMOTION How emo
Page 7 and 8:
Acknowledgement The NRF for the fun
Page 9 and 10:
Chapter 4 49 The grammatical encodi
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Underlying Factors 135 Scope ofthe
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Distributive And Integrative Negoti
Page 15 and 16: Imposing Deadlines 288 Using The De
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION OF My THESIS
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 2 ST.HEJ'.lENT OF PROBLEMS
Page 21 and 22: language; };> An outline will be gi
Page 23 and 24: Emotions are considered to be react
Page 25 and 26: exposing people to onions, which ma
Page 27 and 28: It still has to be resolved whether
Page 29 and 30: of activity, the overwhelming evide
Page 31 and 32: Sternberg (1998: 542), Robert Plutc
Page 33 and 34: pinpointed. Most people feel anxiet
Page 35 and 36: According to Bulmer (1975) hate is
Page 37 and 38: Brand and Graves (1994:165) describ
Page 39 and 40: Primary appraisal, which is about w
Page 41 and 42: Values and Value Systems Values are
Page 43 and 44: Sternberg (1998:551) makes the poin
Page 45 and 46: THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTlVIST ApPROACH
Page 47 and 48: RATIONALISATION According to Bulmer
Page 49 and 50: Bulmer (1975:vi) defines empathy as
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 4 THE GRAM.\L\TIC\l. ENCODI
Page 53 and 54: SOCIAL EVENT DEMOTION ACTION RESPON
Page 55 and 56: from an anthropological point of vi
Page 57 and 58: symbolic reference is not understoo
Page 59 and 60: The role ofnouns in the expression
Page 61 and 62: In the choice ofa vocative Combrink
Page 63 and 64: Class 3 singular: izimu (an ogre) >
Page 65: Titles as vocatives Title vocatives
Page 69 and 70: THE ROLE OF VERBS IN THE EXPRESSION
Page 71 and 72: Stre/ende woorde (Soothing words) W
Page 73 and 74: Eksaljou help. (I shall help you) D
Page 75 and 76: lsiZulu is said to have nine tone p
Page 77 and 78: CONCLUSION This chapter I demonstra
Page 79 and 80: organism to the world through such
Page 81 and 82: with the latter "the state and what
Page 83 and 84: (ii) The directive class of speech
Page 85 and 86: With Intentional states a belief is
Page 87 and 88: circumstances by those in certain i
Page 89 and 90: Directives: advising, admonishing,
Page 91 and 92: negotiation situations. Deterring,
Page 93 and 94: HI insist that you go to London. "
Page 95 and 96: deductions. Implications and inclus
Page 97 and 98: Secondly, there is a modal meaning
Page 99 and 100: When you permit a person bythe use
Page 101 and 102: These modals, like must, denote obl
Page 103 and 104: DISTAl FORMS OF THE ROOT MODAlS Cou
Page 105 and 106: He will buy a car next year. When s
Page 107 and 108: (He can play rugby well) Hulle kon
Page 109 and 110: (You only have to translate the fir
Page 111 and 112: Werklikheid/ feitelikheid (Realityl
Page 113 and 114: According to Van Schoor (1982:271)
Page 115 and 116: MOET (must) is the central auxiliar
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(Will you help me?) Sal jy my nie h
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Chapter 6 EMOTION DURING CONFLICT T
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important to understand human needs
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Self-actualisation needs are the la
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pacts. Mersham and Skinner further
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station or going to a particular ch
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in each other's welfare negotiate,
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The scoping of a conflict is import
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may wish for or fight for the total
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}> How these groups mobilise i.e. i
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perceived goals and interests, cult
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Related to recognizing related disp
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egularly to see which ofthe factors
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eventually engaging in the armed st
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Stereotype-Breaking Action Using di
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that of Cyril Ramaphosa ofthe ANC a
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Mediation is usually successful in
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A mediator can also help the groups
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oth internally and externally. Thes
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this kind of narrative about the So
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ASSESSING YOUR OPPONENT'S POSITION
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SEARCHING FOR HIDDEN MOTIVES It has
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MOTIVATION Motivation and emotion o
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stress levels are still Iow. Andrea
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een violated like when one feels an
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Conflict Mapping Wehr states how th
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another instead of selfishly sticki
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Conflict Intrapersonal Interpersona
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government (KIug 2000:1) This happe
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Conflict transformation also means,
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empowennent or recognition ofoppone
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CONSTRUCTIVE CONFRONTATION Construc
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force in resolving the conflict. Ta
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etain the majority it gained in a p
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CRISIS MANAGEMENT DURING CONFLICT T
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It is advisable to be prepared for
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augment your team and to avoid this
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the factors that modifY the general
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Tuesday, September 30, 1997) Howeve
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e scrutinised as well as the role o
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pre-negotiation is handIed well it
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Third parties or intennediaries als
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epresentatives of the government an
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~ If the surroundings at the neutra
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will take longer. Therefore Fuller
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The agenda for the CODESA negotiati
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elections. After the elections the
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The disadvantage is that some offer
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struggle into dialogue leaving nega
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constituent assembly and an interim
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At level 2 integrative agreement is
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Insecure. Emotional Stability This
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THE EFFECT OF MEMBER PERSONALITY FA
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Barry and Friedman (1998:348) defin
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oute" and the "heuristic or periphe
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persistence of persuasion e.g. "inc
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fact that the people were being kil
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you want them to do and feel comfor
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Samaritan" (Fuller 1991:91) will ne
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that splitting the difference shoul
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The occurrence of violence before a
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person with real power, she is also
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to reason, then you will rather neg
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to be for that purpose. He had also
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You should also ask yourselfifthe o
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unacceptable offer, do not be blunt
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and evaluation of the offer. Changi
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These people, therefore, need to be
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constituency by not agreeing to the
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your adversary may persuade you to
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If the criteria for detennining the
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services and other areas of public
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after the deal is reached, are over
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display one's frustration and emoti
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suits you. It must be noted that du
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TAKING ADVANTAGE OF DIVISIONS IN TH
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(1992:196) recommends that one shou
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prisoners and other individuals. Th
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Bullying Tactics It was discussed e
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Fuller (1992:206) mentions other ty
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- Do the parties all know their alt
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IGNORING THEM AND CONTINUING WITH D
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up in jail for human rights violati
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concessions have been made. However
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extremists were arrested. That made
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in negotiations, it helps to shift
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what they are saying during discuss
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Involving Higher Level Participatio
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international law during the compro
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what his problem is. If you succeed
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confederation ofhomelands each with
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apology and forgiveness and it cons
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Desmond Tutu as chairperson ofthe C
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long way towards promoting the clim
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experiencing friendship, intimacy,
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ecause of the frequent exchange mak
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in the case of a buyer who is only
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limit". At a more complex level the
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Barry and Oliver (1996) mention fiv
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AFFECT RELATED To SETTLEMENTS AND O
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Both affect sequences are a result
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our behaviour during negotiation; w
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In the same page Thompson (1998) sa
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accept." Jackall quotes an example
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called "a manic-depressive," a term
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with pauses or whether he speaks co
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Contagion According to an experimen
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Freedom To Express Emotion This dep
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Controlled And Deliberate Emotional
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who is perceived to be disliked by
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especially in social contexts like
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He also found that negotiators who
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Ekman (1999) does not consider a br
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There is also transactive memory wh
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However, they can also enhance or w
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Chapter 7 CONCLUSIONS This has been
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BmLIOGRAPHY AUTHORED REFERENCES All
Page 351 and 352:
Barry, Bruce (with G.L. Stewart), 1
Page 353 and 354:
Fauconnier. Gilles 1995 Mental Spac
Page 355 and 356:
Langacker, Ronald W. 1993. Foundati
Page 357 and 358:
Taylor, John R. 1991 Linguistic Cat
Page 359 and 360:
NON-AuTHORED REFERENCES Conflict Re
Page 361 and 362:
Conflict Research Consortium 1998 I
Page 363 and 364:
Conflict Research Consortium 1998 R
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