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struggle into dialogue leaving negative attittudes intact, will almost guarantee failure."
(Harris and Reilly (http://WV{W.idea.int/publicatiOilS!
democracy and deep rooted conflict/ home.htm) According to the authors this is still
war in different terms. Negotiation is, however, a process of moving attitudes and
positions and not a matter of just convincing your adversary that your standpoint is
right. There needs to be some form ofcooperation in order to reach a new position.
To reach this new position it is advisable to try and understand one another by
analysing the conflict at hand. The conflict may take three forms: it may be adversarial
i.e. you blame everything on the opposition therefore either you win or nothing
happens; it may be reflective i.e. you look at the role you have played in the conflict
and the pain and hurt you have inflicted on others; or it may be integrative i.e. both
sides look at themselves and the need to understand the interests ofthe other side. This
means moving from "positional-based" negotiation to "interest-based" negotiation
(Harris and Reilly (http://www.idea.int/publications
democracy and deep rooted conflictlhome.htm) thus learning to cooperate with one's
former enemy ifone is truly committed to negotiation and analysing the factors that led
to the conflict.
In the South African situation President de Klerk and the moderates in his party
had begun to realise the need to involve African people in the political process. Secret
talks had been held with the ANC President Mr Nelson Mandela who was released on
February 2, 1990. Subsequently the ANC, Pan Africanist Congress and the South
African Communist Party were unbarmed and restrictions were lifted on the United
Democratic Party and other legal political organisations that were then invited to join
the talks to prepare for democracy. A four-year-old media restriction was lifted and the
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