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5 9 ye bo (yes) 6 3 7 ye bo (is it so? Secondly, it can be used to indicate sarcasm: 6 6 3 4 9 a figI YI tha ndi (I don't like it) 5 5 2 I 4-5 a ngi yi tha ndi (1 like very much indeed) Lastly, it can also be used for emphasis: 4 3 9 gI JI ma (run) 3 2 9 gI JI ma (run!) 5 3 9 m khu lu (he is big) 4 I I - 2 m khu lu (he is very, very big) 74
CONCLUSION This chapter I demonstrated the validity of the hypothesis that language is involved at all levels in the encoding of emotions and that there will not be a specific section in language which does not express emotion. To illustrate I showed how language can be used at the suprasegmental and the lexical level to encode emotive expressions. I in particular pointed out the crucial roles of vocative, main verbs and modal auxuiliary verbs in encoding intention and emotionality. In the next chapter I will show how humans dynamically use different speech acts to signal their intentions. I will also show which types of speech acts are used at particular phases ofongoing conflicts. 75
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EXPRESSING EMOTION How emotion is e
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Abstract EXPRESSING EMOTION How emo
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Acknowledgement The NRF for the fun
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Chapter 4 49 The grammatical encodi
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Underlying Factors 135 Scope ofthe
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Distributive And Integrative Negoti
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Imposing Deadlines 288 Using The De
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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION OF My THESIS
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Chapter 2 ST.HEJ'.lENT OF PROBLEMS
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language; };> An outline will be gi
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Emotions are considered to be react
Page 25 and 26: exposing people to onions, which ma
Page 27 and 28: It still has to be resolved whether
Page 29 and 30: of activity, the overwhelming evide
Page 31 and 32: Sternberg (1998: 542), Robert Plutc
Page 33 and 34: pinpointed. Most people feel anxiet
Page 35 and 36: According to Bulmer (1975) hate is
Page 37 and 38: Brand and Graves (1994:165) describ
Page 39 and 40: Primary appraisal, which is about w
Page 41 and 42: Values and Value Systems Values are
Page 43 and 44: Sternberg (1998:551) makes the poin
Page 45 and 46: THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTlVIST ApPROACH
Page 47 and 48: RATIONALISATION According to Bulmer
Page 49 and 50: Bulmer (1975:vi) defines empathy as
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 4 THE GRAM.\L\TIC\l. ENCODI
Page 53 and 54: SOCIAL EVENT DEMOTION ACTION RESPON
Page 55 and 56: from an anthropological point of vi
Page 57 and 58: symbolic reference is not understoo
Page 59 and 60: The role ofnouns in the expression
Page 61 and 62: In the choice ofa vocative Combrink
Page 63 and 64: Class 3 singular: izimu (an ogre) >
Page 65 and 66: Titles as vocatives Title vocatives
Page 67 and 68: "Jy. staan regop en trek in ;ou boe
Page 69 and 70: THE ROLE OF VERBS IN THE EXPRESSION
Page 71 and 72: Stre/ende woorde (Soothing words) W
Page 73 and 74: Eksaljou help. (I shall help you) D
Page 75: lsiZulu is said to have nine tone p
Page 79 and 80: organism to the world through such
Page 81 and 82: with the latter "the state and what
Page 83 and 84: (ii) The directive class of speech
Page 85 and 86: With Intentional states a belief is
Page 87 and 88: circumstances by those in certain i
Page 89 and 90: Directives: advising, admonishing,
Page 91 and 92: negotiation situations. Deterring,
Page 93 and 94: HI insist that you go to London. "
Page 95 and 96: deductions. Implications and inclus
Page 97 and 98: Secondly, there is a modal meaning
Page 99 and 100: When you permit a person bythe use
Page 101 and 102: These modals, like must, denote obl
Page 103 and 104: DISTAl FORMS OF THE ROOT MODAlS Cou
Page 105 and 106: He will buy a car next year. When s
Page 107 and 108: (He can play rugby well) Hulle kon
Page 109 and 110: (You only have to translate the fir
Page 111 and 112: Werklikheid/ feitelikheid (Realityl
Page 113 and 114: According to Van Schoor (1982:271)
Page 115 and 116: MOET (must) is the central auxiliar
Page 117 and 118: (Will you help me?) Sal jy my nie h
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 6 EMOTION DURING CONFLICT T
Page 121 and 122: important to understand human needs
Page 123 and 124: Self-actualisation needs are the la
Page 125 and 126: pacts. Mersham and Skinner further
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station or going to a particular ch
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in each other's welfare negotiate,
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The scoping of a conflict is import
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may wish for or fight for the total
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}> How these groups mobilise i.e. i
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perceived goals and interests, cult
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Related to recognizing related disp
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egularly to see which ofthe factors
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eventually engaging in the armed st
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Stereotype-Breaking Action Using di
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that of Cyril Ramaphosa ofthe ANC a
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Mediation is usually successful in
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A mediator can also help the groups
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oth internally and externally. Thes
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this kind of narrative about the So
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ASSESSING YOUR OPPONENT'S POSITION
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SEARCHING FOR HIDDEN MOTIVES It has
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MOTIVATION Motivation and emotion o
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stress levels are still Iow. Andrea
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een violated like when one feels an
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Conflict Mapping Wehr states how th
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another instead of selfishly sticki
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Conflict Intrapersonal Interpersona
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government (KIug 2000:1) This happe
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Conflict transformation also means,
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empowennent or recognition ofoppone
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CONSTRUCTIVE CONFRONTATION Construc
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force in resolving the conflict. Ta
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etain the majority it gained in a p
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CRISIS MANAGEMENT DURING CONFLICT T
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It is advisable to be prepared for
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augment your team and to avoid this
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the factors that modifY the general
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Tuesday, September 30, 1997) Howeve
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e scrutinised as well as the role o
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pre-negotiation is handIed well it
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Third parties or intennediaries als
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epresentatives of the government an
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~ If the surroundings at the neutra
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will take longer. Therefore Fuller
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The agenda for the CODESA negotiati
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elections. After the elections the
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The disadvantage is that some offer
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struggle into dialogue leaving nega
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constituent assembly and an interim
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At level 2 integrative agreement is
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Insecure. Emotional Stability This
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THE EFFECT OF MEMBER PERSONALITY FA
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Barry and Friedman (1998:348) defin
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oute" and the "heuristic or periphe
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persistence of persuasion e.g. "inc
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fact that the people were being kil
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you want them to do and feel comfor
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Samaritan" (Fuller 1991:91) will ne
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that splitting the difference shoul
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The occurrence of violence before a
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person with real power, she is also
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to reason, then you will rather neg
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to be for that purpose. He had also
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You should also ask yourselfifthe o
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unacceptable offer, do not be blunt
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and evaluation of the offer. Changi
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These people, therefore, need to be
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constituency by not agreeing to the
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your adversary may persuade you to
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If the criteria for detennining the
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services and other areas of public
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after the deal is reached, are over
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display one's frustration and emoti
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suits you. It must be noted that du
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TAKING ADVANTAGE OF DIVISIONS IN TH
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(1992:196) recommends that one shou
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prisoners and other individuals. Th
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Bullying Tactics It was discussed e
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Fuller (1992:206) mentions other ty
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- Do the parties all know their alt
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IGNORING THEM AND CONTINUING WITH D
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up in jail for human rights violati
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concessions have been made. However
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extremists were arrested. That made
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in negotiations, it helps to shift
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what they are saying during discuss
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Involving Higher Level Participatio
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international law during the compro
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what his problem is. If you succeed
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confederation ofhomelands each with
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apology and forgiveness and it cons
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Desmond Tutu as chairperson ofthe C
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long way towards promoting the clim
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experiencing friendship, intimacy,
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ecause of the frequent exchange mak
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in the case of a buyer who is only
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limit". At a more complex level the
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Barry and Oliver (1996) mention fiv
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AFFECT RELATED To SETTLEMENTS AND O
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Both affect sequences are a result
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our behaviour during negotiation; w
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In the same page Thompson (1998) sa
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accept." Jackall quotes an example
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called "a manic-depressive," a term
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with pauses or whether he speaks co
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Contagion According to an experimen
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Freedom To Express Emotion This dep
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Controlled And Deliberate Emotional
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who is perceived to be disliked by
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especially in social contexts like
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He also found that negotiators who
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Ekman (1999) does not consider a br
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There is also transactive memory wh
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However, they can also enhance or w
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Chapter 7 CONCLUSIONS This has been
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BmLIOGRAPHY AUTHORED REFERENCES All
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Barry, Bruce (with G.L. Stewart), 1
Page 353 and 354:
Fauconnier. Gilles 1995 Mental Spac
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Langacker, Ronald W. 1993. Foundati
Page 357 and 358:
Taylor, John R. 1991 Linguistic Cat
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NON-AuTHORED REFERENCES Conflict Re
Page 361 and 362:
Conflict Research Consortium 1998 I
Page 363 and 364:
Conflict Research Consortium 1998 R
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