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In fact, Sweetser is of the view that epistemic modality is not unrelated to root modality, but it is: "a metaphorical application of our sociophysical modal concepts to the epistemic world." (Sweetser 1990:68) The sociophysical concepts are the general forces and barriers in terms ofwhich we understand our mental processes. She is also ofthe opinion that the root / epistemic contrast should be seen as a motivated polysemy relationship because both lexical items bear related senses. Such a po1ysemy is also cross linguistically common. Ifthe modals in question are monosemous this is not the case. Hughes (1995) says modal auxiliary verbs are used, over and above their grammatical function, to perform speech acts. Would + like This combination is used to express desire e.g. I would like to go overseas. It is also used in polite forms e.g. Would you like to wait? Would + mind This polite form is used to ask someone to do something for you.: Would you mind leaving? Would you like to help me? It is also used to ask permission: Would you mind if! use your car? Win and Shall WilLand Shall + the infinitive ofthe verb are used to form the future 102
He will buy a car next year. When shall is used to indicate obligation or promise, it is stressed: I shall get money back! Promise. The government shall fight corruption! Obligation. May and Might Amongst other uses, may can be used to express permission: May I visit my friend? Yes, you may. Could This is the conditional form ofcan and is often used in polite forms for polite requests: Could you drive me home? MUST When must means to have to it is used to express obligation or necessity: We must save some money. Should and Ought to They are used: to show moral obligation: You ought to care for your family. You should not neglect your work. for advice: You should not waste time gossiping. PRIMARY OR BASIC LEXICAL MEANINGS OF AFRIKAANS MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS (SAL (shall) means mainly: 103
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EXPRESSING EMOTION How emotion is e
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Abstract EXPRESSING EMOTION How emo
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Acknowledgement The NRF for the fun
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Chapter 4 49 The grammatical encodi
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Underlying Factors 135 Scope ofthe
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Distributive And Integrative Negoti
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Imposing Deadlines 288 Using The De
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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION OF My THESIS
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Chapter 2 ST.HEJ'.lENT OF PROBLEMS
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language; };> An outline will be gi
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Emotions are considered to be react
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exposing people to onions, which ma
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It still has to be resolved whether
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of activity, the overwhelming evide
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Sternberg (1998: 542), Robert Plutc
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pinpointed. Most people feel anxiet
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According to Bulmer (1975) hate is
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Brand and Graves (1994:165) describ
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Primary appraisal, which is about w
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Values and Value Systems Values are
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Sternberg (1998:551) makes the poin
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THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTlVIST ApPROACH
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RATIONALISATION According to Bulmer
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Bulmer (1975:vi) defines empathy as
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Chapter 4 THE GRAM.\L\TIC\l. ENCODI
Page 53 and 54: SOCIAL EVENT DEMOTION ACTION RESPON
Page 55 and 56: from an anthropological point of vi
Page 57 and 58: symbolic reference is not understoo
Page 59 and 60: The role ofnouns in the expression
Page 61 and 62: In the choice ofa vocative Combrink
Page 63 and 64: Class 3 singular: izimu (an ogre) >
Page 65 and 66: Titles as vocatives Title vocatives
Page 67 and 68: "Jy. staan regop en trek in ;ou boe
Page 69 and 70: THE ROLE OF VERBS IN THE EXPRESSION
Page 71 and 72: Stre/ende woorde (Soothing words) W
Page 73 and 74: Eksaljou help. (I shall help you) D
Page 75 and 76: lsiZulu is said to have nine tone p
Page 77 and 78: CONCLUSION This chapter I demonstra
Page 79 and 80: organism to the world through such
Page 81 and 82: with the latter "the state and what
Page 83 and 84: (ii) The directive class of speech
Page 85 and 86: With Intentional states a belief is
Page 87 and 88: circumstances by those in certain i
Page 89 and 90: Directives: advising, admonishing,
Page 91 and 92: negotiation situations. Deterring,
Page 93 and 94: HI insist that you go to London. "
Page 95 and 96: deductions. Implications and inclus
Page 97 and 98: Secondly, there is a modal meaning
Page 99 and 100: When you permit a person bythe use
Page 101 and 102: These modals, like must, denote obl
Page 103: DISTAl FORMS OF THE ROOT MODAlS Cou
Page 107 and 108: (He can play rugby well) Hulle kon
Page 109 and 110: (You only have to translate the fir
Page 111 and 112: Werklikheid/ feitelikheid (Realityl
Page 113 and 114: According to Van Schoor (1982:271)
Page 115 and 116: MOET (must) is the central auxiliar
Page 117 and 118: (Will you help me?) Sal jy my nie h
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 6 EMOTION DURING CONFLICT T
Page 121 and 122: important to understand human needs
Page 123 and 124: Self-actualisation needs are the la
Page 125 and 126: pacts. Mersham and Skinner further
Page 127 and 128: station or going to a particular ch
Page 129 and 130: in each other's welfare negotiate,
Page 131 and 132: The scoping of a conflict is import
Page 133 and 134: may wish for or fight for the total
Page 135 and 136: }> How these groups mobilise i.e. i
Page 137 and 138: perceived goals and interests, cult
Page 139 and 140: Related to recognizing related disp
Page 141 and 142: egularly to see which ofthe factors
Page 143 and 144: eventually engaging in the armed st
Page 145 and 146: Stereotype-Breaking Action Using di
Page 147 and 148: that of Cyril Ramaphosa ofthe ANC a
Page 149 and 150: Mediation is usually successful in
Page 151 and 152: A mediator can also help the groups
Page 153 and 154: oth internally and externally. Thes
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this kind of narrative about the So
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ASSESSING YOUR OPPONENT'S POSITION
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SEARCHING FOR HIDDEN MOTIVES It has
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MOTIVATION Motivation and emotion o
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stress levels are still Iow. Andrea
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een violated like when one feels an
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Conflict Mapping Wehr states how th
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another instead of selfishly sticki
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Conflict Intrapersonal Interpersona
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government (KIug 2000:1) This happe
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Conflict transformation also means,
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empowennent or recognition ofoppone
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CONSTRUCTIVE CONFRONTATION Construc
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force in resolving the conflict. Ta
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etain the majority it gained in a p
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CRISIS MANAGEMENT DURING CONFLICT T
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It is advisable to be prepared for
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augment your team and to avoid this
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the factors that modifY the general
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Tuesday, September 30, 1997) Howeve
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e scrutinised as well as the role o
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pre-negotiation is handIed well it
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Third parties or intennediaries als
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epresentatives of the government an
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~ If the surroundings at the neutra
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will take longer. Therefore Fuller
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The agenda for the CODESA negotiati
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elections. After the elections the
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The disadvantage is that some offer
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struggle into dialogue leaving nega
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constituent assembly and an interim
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At level 2 integrative agreement is
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Insecure. Emotional Stability This
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THE EFFECT OF MEMBER PERSONALITY FA
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Barry and Friedman (1998:348) defin
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oute" and the "heuristic or periphe
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persistence of persuasion e.g. "inc
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fact that the people were being kil
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you want them to do and feel comfor
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Samaritan" (Fuller 1991:91) will ne
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that splitting the difference shoul
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The occurrence of violence before a
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person with real power, she is also
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to reason, then you will rather neg
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to be for that purpose. He had also
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You should also ask yourselfifthe o
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unacceptable offer, do not be blunt
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and evaluation of the offer. Changi
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These people, therefore, need to be
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constituency by not agreeing to the
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your adversary may persuade you to
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If the criteria for detennining the
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services and other areas of public
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after the deal is reached, are over
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display one's frustration and emoti
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suits you. It must be noted that du
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TAKING ADVANTAGE OF DIVISIONS IN TH
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(1992:196) recommends that one shou
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prisoners and other individuals. Th
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Bullying Tactics It was discussed e
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Fuller (1992:206) mentions other ty
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- Do the parties all know their alt
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IGNORING THEM AND CONTINUING WITH D
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up in jail for human rights violati
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concessions have been made. However
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extremists were arrested. That made
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in negotiations, it helps to shift
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what they are saying during discuss
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Involving Higher Level Participatio
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international law during the compro
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what his problem is. If you succeed
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confederation ofhomelands each with
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apology and forgiveness and it cons
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Desmond Tutu as chairperson ofthe C
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long way towards promoting the clim
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experiencing friendship, intimacy,
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ecause of the frequent exchange mak
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in the case of a buyer who is only
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limit". At a more complex level the
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Barry and Oliver (1996) mention fiv
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AFFECT RELATED To SETTLEMENTS AND O
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Both affect sequences are a result
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our behaviour during negotiation; w
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In the same page Thompson (1998) sa
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accept." Jackall quotes an example
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called "a manic-depressive," a term
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with pauses or whether he speaks co
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Contagion According to an experimen
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Freedom To Express Emotion This dep
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Controlled And Deliberate Emotional
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who is perceived to be disliked by
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especially in social contexts like
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He also found that negotiators who
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Ekman (1999) does not consider a br
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There is also transactive memory wh
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However, they can also enhance or w
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Chapter 7 CONCLUSIONS This has been
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BmLIOGRAPHY AUTHORED REFERENCES All
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Barry, Bruce (with G.L. Stewart), 1
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Fauconnier. Gilles 1995 Mental Spac
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Langacker, Ronald W. 1993. Foundati
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Taylor, John R. 1991 Linguistic Cat
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NON-AuTHORED REFERENCES Conflict Re
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Conflict Research Consortium 1998 I
Page 363 and 364:
Conflict Research Consortium 1998 R
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