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Verdictives: acquitting, assessing, calling (by an umpire or referee), certifying,
convicting, grading, judging, ranking, rating, ruling.
evaluation:
Allan (1998) classifies speech acts as follows according to the hearer's
Statements- denials, reports, predictions, promises, and offers. These express
the speaker's belief about how the world was. They are usually formulated in a
declarative clause.
Invitationals (subset of directives) - requests, exhortations, suggestions,
warnings. Here the participation ofthe hearer is invited. They are usually formulated in
an interrogative clause. They are usually formulated in the default
Authoritatives - commands, permissions, legal judgments, baptisms. Here the
speaker lays down the law and the imperative or declarative clause is normally used.
Expressives - greetings, thanks, apologies, congratulations. Here social
interaction with the hearer is expressed. They are usually formulated m a default
declarative clause format.
http://\\·ww.arts.monash.edu.aulling/speechactsallan.html
The perlocution
This is what we achieve or do by saying something e.g. convincing, persuading,
deterring, surprising, misleading the hearer. Here the speaker is trying to get the hearer
to form an attitude that is similar to his or to act in a certain way as in convincing and
persuading the hearer. These speech acts take place in many communication or
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