3071-The political economy of new slavery

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Bridget Anderson 115 have kept their visas renewed, but have not done so. Some employers will bring their workers to the UK on the wrong visas (for example tourist visas) which cause great difficulties to the individuals when the mistake is discovered. The police are reluctant to classify withholding passports as ‘theft’, so MDWs are forced to report their passports as ‘lost’ instead. Embassies are reluctant to demand their property back from unscrupulous employers. Passport retention is an area that causes such distress and expense to workers that Kalayaan is hoping to start a major campaign focusing on this issue. 8 4. Countries need to sign up and abide by UN/ILO conventions The Global Campaign for the Ratification of the International Convention for the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and members of Their Families continues. 9 The UN General Assembly approved the Migrant Convention on 18 December 1990 and by 10 December 2002 20 state parties have ratified the convention. 10 This will happen at the earliest on 1 May 2003. The UN Convention is very important because it extends fundamental human rights to all migrant workers, both documented and undocumented. It recognizes migrant workers are social entities with families and provides the right to family reunification. There are two ILO conventions relevant to migrant workers: the Migration for Employment Convention (Revised), 1949 (No. 97) and the Migrant Workers (Supplementary provisions) Convention, 1975 (No. 143). Both have been ratified, 11 but extra pressure is needed to ensure that states abide by the recommendations and to encourage more states to ratify them. 5. The right to join a trade union The right to join a trade union is a crucial right for MDWs across Europe. In Greece, a union for domestic workers has been formed as part of the Athens Labour Centre and they will accept MDWs without papers. In Germany, most MDWs are not part of a union because most unions will not accept undocumented workers. In France, the main unions for MDWs are the CFDT or the SUD, which has close links with the Sans Papiers movement. In the Netherlands, although good co-operation is maintained with the FNV it is still unclear as to whether the FNV will accept undocumented migrants as members. In Spain, two trade unions are very active in campaigning for rights for MDWs, the UGT and
116 Migrant Domestic Workers and Slavery CCOO. In Italy the FILCAMS-CGIL has always respected MDW rights (RESPECT Network, April 2001). Kalayaan’s experience of working with the Transport and General Workers Union (TGWU) in the UK has been very positive. The TGWU accepted undocumented migrant domestic workers as members, gave them a reduced rate of membership, provided them with membership ID cards (a crucial ID when many migrant domestic workers leave their employers without their passports) and campaigned for a change in the law for migrant domestic workers to be given the right to change employers. Moreover, the right to belong to a trade union gives domestic workers a natural forum for organizing to protect themselves. 6. Employment rights It is, in fact, employment rights that can potentially protect migrant domestic workers from many abuses. Domestic workers should have access to full and non-discriminatory employment rights and social protection, including the minimum wage, sickness and maternity pay and pension rights. In the UK, employees in the private household are explicitly exempted from coverage by the race and sex discrimination acts. This shocking fact means that employers could advertise for a worker with the proviso that ‘no blacks need apply’ and this would be legal. The ILO (2001) recognize that these employment and social rights need to be given to workers in the informal sector, and the trade unions could provide support in the necessary campaign and support work needed in these areas. 7. Examine our attitudes We need to recognize the effect using the term slavery has on those who use it and those it seeks to represent as slaves. We need to examine our own attitude towards slaves and victims. We need to treat MDWs as individuals, as workers and as people who are entitled to immigration and employment rights across Europe. And employers of MDWs need to consider the relationship they have with their worker, the expectations they have of her and the respect they treat her with. 8. The Charter of Rights Finally, RESPECT has drawn up with MDWs across Europe a Charter of Rights for MDWs. This charter can be endorsed by individuals and by organizations. The least we can all do is seriously consider our response to this charter and sign up to its principles. 12
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The Political Economy of New Slaver
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Palgrave Texts in International Pol
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Selection, editorial matter and Cha
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vi Contents 8 Child Labour in Latin
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Foreword Many consider that slavery
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Acknowledgements The production of
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xii Notes on the Contributors to Gl
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List of Abbreviations AABA APFL ASI
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xvi List of Abbreviations UNPD UNTA
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2 Introduction as slavery in order
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4 Introduction agency need to be re
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6 Introduction Or does a government
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8 Introduction of this system. It t
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10 Introduction It is a common assu
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12 Introduction The final part of t
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1 Contemporary Slavery, Global Just
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Christien van den Anker 17 The conc
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Christien van den Anker 19 estimate
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Christien van den Anker 21 Globaliz
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Christien van den Anker 23 internat
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Christien van den Anker 25 all, chi
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Christien van den Anker 27 in work
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Christien van den Anker 29 at the i
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Christien van den Anker 31 (b) The
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Christien van den Anker 33 Examples
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Christien van den Anker 35 liveliho
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2 Migration and Security: The Wrong
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Jeroen Doomernik 39 to have a count
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Jeroen Doomernik 41 one member stat
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Jeroen Doomernik 43 far as this wou
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Jeroen Doomernik 45 adept at respon
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Jeroen Doomernik 47 often dangerous
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Jeroen Doomernik 49 movement of peo
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Jeroen Doomernik 51 nations - are i
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Part II Cases and Recommendations
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56 Trafficking and International La
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Page 81 and 82: 64 Trafficking and International La
Page 93 and 94: 76 The Belgian Counter-trafficking
Page 109 and 110: 92 Responses to Sexual Slavery publ
Page 111 and 112: 94 Responses to Sexual Slavery some
Page 113 and 114: 96 Responses to Sexual Slavery regi
Page 115 and 116: 98 Responses to Sexual Slavery The
Page 117 and 118: 100 Responses to Sexual Slavery to
Page 119 and 120: 102 Responses to Sexual Slavery Con
Page 121 and 122: 104 Responses to Sexual Slavery on
Page 123 and 124: 106 Responses to Sexual Slavery Not
Page 125 and 126: 108 Migrant Domestic Workers and Sl
Page 131: 114 Migrant Domestic Workers and Sl
Page 135 and 136: 7 Bonded Labour in South Asia: Indi
Page 137 and 138: 120 Bonded Labour in South Asia to
Page 139 and 140: 122 Bonded Labour in South Asia Alt
Page 141 and 142: 124 Bonded Labour in South Asia reh
Page 143 and 144: 126 Bonded Labour in South Asia tha
Page 145 and 146: 128 Bonded Labour in South Asia wor
Page 147 and 148: 130 Bonded Labour in South Asia ind
Page 149 and 150: 132 Bonded Labour in South Asia tak
Page 151 and 152: 134 Bonded Labour in South Asia use
Page 153 and 154: 136 Bonded Labour in South Asia maj
Page 155 and 156: 138 Child Labour in Latin America o
Page 157 and 158: 140 Child Labour in Latin America h
Page 159 and 160: 142 Child Labour in Latin America t
Page 161 and 162: 144 Child Labour in Latin America t
Page 163 and 164: 146 Child Labour in Latin America a
Page 165 and 166: 148 Child Labour in Latin America O
Page 167 and 168: 150 Child Labour in Latin America c
Page 169 and 170: 152 Child Labour in Latin America P
Page 171 and 172: 154 Child Labour in Latin America T
Page 173 and 174: 156 Child Labour in Latin America 2
Page 175 and 176: 9 Child Labour, Education and Child
Page 177 and 178: 160 Child Labour, Education and Chi
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166 Child Labour, Education and Chi
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10 The Global Framework for Develop
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Nigel Dower 183 standardly not take
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Nigel Dower 185 a society of states
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Nigel Dower 187 its critique are re
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Nigel Dower 189 given pre-existing
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Nigel Dower 191 (like child labour)
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Nigel Dower 193 affect negatively t
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Nigel Dower 195 of decision as a ma
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Nigel Dower 197 a way the very poor
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Nigel Dower 199 Development ethics,
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11 Strategies for Change: The Tobin
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Emma Dowling 203 Detrimental effect
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Emma Dowling 205 gross sum of any f
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Emma Dowling 207 better systems of
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Emma Dowling 209 ‘Chilean Model
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Emma Dowling 211 know any non-speci
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Emma Dowling 213 support. Yet the f
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Emma Dowling 215 what types of argu
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12 Modern Slavery and Fair Trade Pr
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Ivan Manokha 219 ‘certain groups
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Ivan Manokha 221 impoverishment of
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Ivan Manokha 223 less their basic n
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Ivan Manokha 225 As regards the fir
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Ivan Manokha 227 Fair Trade: achiev
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Ivan Manokha 229 example, act as me
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Ivan Manokha 231 millions of peasan
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Ivan Manokha 233 sweatshops. Nor do
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13 Slavery as Piracy: The Legal Cas
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Geraldine Van Bueren 237 human righ
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Geraldine Van Bueren 239 be a claim
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Geraldine Van Bueren 241 United Sta
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Geraldine Van Bueren 243 In the Uni
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Geraldine Van Bueren 245 Japanese A
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Geraldine Van Bueren 247 17. Africa
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Bibliography 249 Anti-Slavery Inter
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Bibliography 251 Clean Clothes Camp
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Bibliography 253 Eichengreen B. Mus
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Bibliography 255 Groves, L. (2003)
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Bibliography 257 Kaldor, M. (2000)
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Bibliography 259 Pearson, E. (2002a
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Bibliography 261 UNDP (1998) UNDP,
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Index Adanggamanican 243 administra
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Index 265 Copenhagen Summit 1995 19
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Index 267 extent of child labour pr
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Index 269 Nepal 57 BASE 134 bonded
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Index 271 smuggling of migrants 4,
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