3071-The political economy of new slavery

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Rachel Nizan 157 see www.globalmarch.org and http://www.casa-alianza.org/EN/humanrights/labor-exploit/global-march/. 44. Honduras elected a new president (Ricardo Maduro) and government in November 2001, which came to power in January 2002. 45. The PAN indicates prostitution and drug trafficking as two of the WFCL in Honduras (Comisión Nacional, 2000a, p. 43). For a more general view on the limitations of legislation in the informal sector see Save the Children, 2001, p. 34.
9 Child Labour, Education and Child Rights Among Cocoa Producers in Ghana Amanda Berlan Introduction The International Labour Organization (ILO) reports that 246 million children aged five to 17 worldwide are involved in child labour, that nearly three-quarters of these are exposed to the worst forms of child labour, and that 73 million working children worldwide are under the age of ten. This last figure alone is greater than the entire UK population. The highest proportion of working children is in Sub-Saharan Africa where nearly one-third of children age 14 and under (48 million children) are in some form of employment. Seventy per cent work in the agricultural sector such as on farms or in cattle herding. Although children in the agricultural sector vastly outnumber children stitching footballs or weaving carpets in sweatshops, they have received much less attention (Human Rights Watch, 2002a). The case of children working on cocoa farms in rural Ghana (and on cocoa farms across West Africa in general) have been a notable exception to this lack of attention. The interest in labour conditions of cocoa growers was sparked by the discovery in April 2001 of a ship in the Gulf of Guinea, which was initially erroneously thought to be taking trafficked children to work on cocoa farms in one of the West African countries. Although it later emerged that the children were more likely to be used as domestic servants or head-load carriers, the case triggered a wave of concern about labour conditions in the cocoa industry in West Africa, particularly in relation to children. Embarrassed chocolate manufacturers were accused of endorsing slave-like practices and suddenly found themselves trying to explain labour standards on the cocoa farms. Anti-globalization campaigners seized on this case as a further illustration of the abusive 158
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The Political Economy of New Slaver
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Palgrave Texts in International Pol
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Selection, editorial matter and Cha
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vi Contents 8 Child Labour in Latin
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Foreword Many consider that slavery
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Acknowledgements The production of
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xii Notes on the Contributors to Gl
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List of Abbreviations AABA APFL ASI
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xvi List of Abbreviations UNPD UNTA
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2 Introduction as slavery in order
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4 Introduction agency need to be re
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6 Introduction Or does a government
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8 Introduction of this system. It t
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10 Introduction It is a common assu
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12 Introduction The final part of t
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1 Contemporary Slavery, Global Just
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Christien van den Anker 17 The conc
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Christien van den Anker 19 estimate
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Christien van den Anker 21 Globaliz
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Christien van den Anker 23 internat
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Christien van den Anker 25 all, chi
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Christien van den Anker 27 in work
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Christien van den Anker 29 at the i
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Christien van den Anker 31 (b) The
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Christien van den Anker 33 Examples
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Christien van den Anker 35 liveliho
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2 Migration and Security: The Wrong
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Jeroen Doomernik 39 to have a count
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Jeroen Doomernik 41 one member stat
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Jeroen Doomernik 43 far as this wou
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Jeroen Doomernik 45 adept at respon
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Jeroen Doomernik 47 often dangerous
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Jeroen Doomernik 49 movement of peo
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Jeroen Doomernik 51 nations - are i
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Part II Cases and Recommendations
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56 Trafficking and International La
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76 The Belgian Counter-trafficking
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92 Responses to Sexual Slavery publ
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94 Responses to Sexual Slavery some
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96 Responses to Sexual Slavery regi
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98 Responses to Sexual Slavery The
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100 Responses to Sexual Slavery to
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102 Responses to Sexual Slavery Con
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104 Responses to Sexual Slavery on
Page 123 and 124: 106 Responses to Sexual Slavery Not
Page 125 and 126: 108 Migrant Domestic Workers and Sl
Page 135 and 136: 7 Bonded Labour in South Asia: Indi
Page 137 and 138: 120 Bonded Labour in South Asia to
Page 139 and 140: 122 Bonded Labour in South Asia Alt
Page 141 and 142: 124 Bonded Labour in South Asia reh
Page 143 and 144: 126 Bonded Labour in South Asia tha
Page 145 and 146: 128 Bonded Labour in South Asia wor
Page 147 and 148: 130 Bonded Labour in South Asia ind
Page 149 and 150: 132 Bonded Labour in South Asia tak
Page 151 and 152: 134 Bonded Labour in South Asia use
Page 153 and 154: 136 Bonded Labour in South Asia maj
Page 155 and 156: 138 Child Labour in Latin America o
Page 157 and 158: 140 Child Labour in Latin America h
Page 159 and 160: 142 Child Labour in Latin America t
Page 161 and 162: 144 Child Labour in Latin America t
Page 163 and 164: 146 Child Labour in Latin America a
Page 165 and 166: 148 Child Labour in Latin America O
Page 167 and 168: 150 Child Labour in Latin America c
Page 169 and 170: 152 Child Labour in Latin America P
Page 171 and 172: 154 Child Labour in Latin America T
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Page 198 and 199: 10 The Global Framework for Develop
Page 200 and 201: Nigel Dower 183 standardly not take
Page 202 and 203: Nigel Dower 185 a society of states
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Page 208 and 209: Nigel Dower 191 (like child labour)
Page 210 and 211: Nigel Dower 193 affect negatively t
Page 212 and 213: Nigel Dower 195 of decision as a ma
Page 214 and 215: Nigel Dower 197 a way the very poor
Page 216 and 217: Nigel Dower 199 Development ethics,
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Page 220 and 221: Emma Dowling 203 Detrimental effect
Page 222 and 223: Emma Dowling 205 gross sum of any f
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Emma Dowling 207 better systems of
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Emma Dowling 209 ‘Chilean Model
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Emma Dowling 211 know any non-speci
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Emma Dowling 213 support. Yet the f
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Emma Dowling 215 what types of argu
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12 Modern Slavery and Fair Trade Pr
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Ivan Manokha 219 ‘certain groups
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Ivan Manokha 221 impoverishment of
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Ivan Manokha 223 less their basic n
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Ivan Manokha 225 As regards the fir
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Ivan Manokha 227 Fair Trade: achiev
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Ivan Manokha 229 example, act as me
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Ivan Manokha 231 millions of peasan
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Ivan Manokha 233 sweatshops. Nor do
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13 Slavery as Piracy: The Legal Cas
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Geraldine Van Bueren 237 human righ
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Geraldine Van Bueren 239 be a claim
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Geraldine Van Bueren 241 United Sta
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Geraldine Van Bueren 243 In the Uni
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Geraldine Van Bueren 245 Japanese A
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Geraldine Van Bueren 247 17. Africa
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Bibliography 249 Anti-Slavery Inter
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Bibliography 251 Clean Clothes Camp
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Bibliography 253 Eichengreen B. Mus
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Bibliography 255 Groves, L. (2003)
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Bibliography 257 Kaldor, M. (2000)
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Bibliography 259 Pearson, E. (2002a
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Bibliography 261 UNDP (1998) UNDP,
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Index Adanggamanican 243 administra
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Index 265 Copenhagen Summit 1995 19
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Index 267 extent of child labour pr
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Index 269 Nepal 57 BASE 134 bonded
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Index 271 smuggling of migrants 4,
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