3071-The political economy of new slavery

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List of Tables and Figures Tables 2.1 Foreign nationals from East and Central Europe in selected EU countries, 1993 39 2.2 Immigration from East and Central Europe in selected EU countries, 1993 40 4.1 Number of Payoke clients: an overview 87 4.2 Agencies as first contact 88 6.1 Abuse experienced by Kalayaan clients 111 8.1 Child labour in Honduras, 1990–8, prior to Hurricane Mitch, in proportion to EAP 154 Figure 4.1 Model of support for clients of Payoke 89 vii
Foreword Many consider that slavery is a matter for the past, outlawed in Britain and elsewhere in the nineteenth century, and prohibited by the first international human rights instruments in the twentieth century. The image of the transatlantic slave trade and plantations still holds strong. Yet currently millions are held worldwide in contemporary forms of slavery. Among children, the International Labour Organization estimates 8.4 million are in slavery, approximately one child out of every 175 in the world. What all these people have in common is that they are vulnerable and suffer the worst forms of exploitation. Yet what is also clear is that slavery affects all types of people, in all areas of the world, held in many different forms of slavery. These may vary, for example, from women trafficked into domestic servitude in the UK, to children working on cocoa plantations in the Ivory Coast, to bonded labourers in South Asia. As the faces of contemporary slavery are varied, so are the causes and potential solutions. Thus we need not only to look at the implementation of international law, but also economic factors, globalization and international trade, and countries’ migration policies. Perhaps more so in slavery than any other area, the interface of basic human rights standards and economic policies is most apparent. It is also clear that contemporary slavery is no respecter of traditional boundaries – the increased global crime of trafficking in people affects most countries, from the most developed such as the UK or USA through the former Eastern bloc countries to the traditionally viewed ‘under developed’ countries of the South. While the underlying driver of this may be poverty, other social and economic factors such as the desire to migrate are important. These diverse situations call for a more sophisticated response than the standard development agenda. Anti-Slavery International has been working since 1839 to eliminate all forms of slavery and the slave trade. In this time we have learnt that, complex and immense though the problem is, solutions are possible that bring about real, sustainable changes in the lives of people. Increasingly both individuals and governments are becoming more aware of the problem, and are working for solutions. But much still remains to be done. Awareness of issues surrounding slavery needs to be increased; individuals can have a role in campaigning, pressurizing governments viii
Page 1 and 2: The Political Economy of New Slaver
Page 3 and 4: Palgrave Texts in International Pol
Page 5 and 6: Selection, editorial matter and Cha
Page 7: vi Contents 8 Child Labour in Latin
Page 11 and 12: Acknowledgements The production of
Page 13 and 14: xii Notes on the Contributors to Gl
Page 15 and 16: List of Abbreviations AABA APFL ASI
Page 17 and 18: xvi List of Abbreviations UNPD UNTA
Page 19 and 20: 2 Introduction as slavery in order
Page 21 and 22: 4 Introduction agency need to be re
Page 23 and 24: 6 Introduction Or does a government
Page 25 and 26: 8 Introduction of this system. It t
Page 27 and 28: 10 Introduction It is a common assu
Page 29 and 30: 12 Introduction The final part of t
Page 32 and 33: 1 Contemporary Slavery, Global Just
Page 34 and 35: Christien van den Anker 17 The conc
Page 36 and 37: Christien van den Anker 19 estimate
Page 38 and 39: Christien van den Anker 21 Globaliz
Page 40 and 41: Christien van den Anker 23 internat
Page 42 and 43: Christien van den Anker 25 all, chi
Page 44 and 45: Christien van den Anker 27 in work
Page 46 and 47: Christien van den Anker 29 at the i
Page 48 and 49: Christien van den Anker 31 (b) The
Page 50 and 51: Christien van den Anker 33 Examples
Page 52 and 53: Christien van den Anker 35 liveliho
Page 54 and 55: 2 Migration and Security: The Wrong
Page 56 and 57: Jeroen Doomernik 39 to have a count
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Jeroen Doomernik 41 one member stat
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Jeroen Doomernik 43 far as this wou
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Jeroen Doomernik 45 adept at respon
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Jeroen Doomernik 47 often dangerous
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Jeroen Doomernik 49 movement of peo
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Jeroen Doomernik 51 nations - are i
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Part II Cases and Recommendations
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56 Trafficking and International La
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76 The Belgian Counter-trafficking
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92 Responses to Sexual Slavery publ
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94 Responses to Sexual Slavery some
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96 Responses to Sexual Slavery regi
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98 Responses to Sexual Slavery The
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100 Responses to Sexual Slavery to
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102 Responses to Sexual Slavery Con
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104 Responses to Sexual Slavery on
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106 Responses to Sexual Slavery Not
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108 Migrant Domestic Workers and Sl
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7 Bonded Labour in South Asia: Indi
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120 Bonded Labour in South Asia to
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122 Bonded Labour in South Asia Alt
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124 Bonded Labour in South Asia reh
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126 Bonded Labour in South Asia tha
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128 Bonded Labour in South Asia wor
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130 Bonded Labour in South Asia ind
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132 Bonded Labour in South Asia tak
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134 Bonded Labour in South Asia use
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136 Bonded Labour in South Asia maj
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138 Child Labour in Latin America o
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140 Child Labour in Latin America h
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142 Child Labour in Latin America t
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144 Child Labour in Latin America t
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146 Child Labour in Latin America a
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148 Child Labour in Latin America O
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150 Child Labour in Latin America c
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152 Child Labour in Latin America P
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154 Child Labour in Latin America T
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156 Child Labour in Latin America 2
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9 Child Labour, Education and Child
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160 Child Labour, Education and Chi
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10 The Global Framework for Develop
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Nigel Dower 183 standardly not take
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Nigel Dower 185 a society of states
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Nigel Dower 187 its critique are re
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Nigel Dower 189 given pre-existing
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Nigel Dower 191 (like child labour)
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Nigel Dower 193 affect negatively t
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Nigel Dower 195 of decision as a ma
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Nigel Dower 197 a way the very poor
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Nigel Dower 199 Development ethics,
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11 Strategies for Change: The Tobin
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Emma Dowling 203 Detrimental effect
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Emma Dowling 205 gross sum of any f
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Emma Dowling 207 better systems of
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Emma Dowling 209 ‘Chilean Model
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Emma Dowling 211 know any non-speci
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Emma Dowling 213 support. Yet the f
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Emma Dowling 215 what types of argu
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12 Modern Slavery and Fair Trade Pr
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Ivan Manokha 219 ‘certain groups
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Ivan Manokha 221 impoverishment of
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Ivan Manokha 223 less their basic n
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Ivan Manokha 225 As regards the fir
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Ivan Manokha 227 Fair Trade: achiev
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Ivan Manokha 229 example, act as me
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Ivan Manokha 231 millions of peasan
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Ivan Manokha 233 sweatshops. Nor do
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13 Slavery as Piracy: The Legal Cas
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Geraldine Van Bueren 237 human righ
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Geraldine Van Bueren 239 be a claim
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Geraldine Van Bueren 241 United Sta
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Geraldine Van Bueren 243 In the Uni
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Geraldine Van Bueren 245 Japanese A
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Geraldine Van Bueren 247 17. Africa
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Bibliography 249 Anti-Slavery Inter
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Bibliography 251 Clean Clothes Camp
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Bibliography 253 Eichengreen B. Mus
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Bibliography 255 Groves, L. (2003)
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Bibliography 257 Kaldor, M. (2000)
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Bibliography 259 Pearson, E. (2002a
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Bibliography 261 UNDP (1998) UNDP,
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Index Adanggamanican 243 administra
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Index 265 Copenhagen Summit 1995 19
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Index 267 extent of child labour pr
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Index 269 Nepal 57 BASE 134 bonded
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Index 271 smuggling of migrants 4,
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3071-The political economy of new slavery

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