3071-The political economy of new slavery

216 Strategies for Change
way to reducing and preventing contemporary slavery through fostering
environments that are not conducive to the enslavement of one human
being by another.
Notes
1. This is one of the oldest currency-trading companies whose services now
include possibilities for individuals to engage in currency speculation online.
2. As outlined by Patterson, 2002, p. 3.
3. For actual calculations, see the table of figures in Patterson, 2002, p. 10.
4. See for example, Beitz, 1999, pp. 143–54.
5. See the following authors: Dooley, 1996; Kenen, 1995; Frankel, 1996; Garber
and Taylor, 1995; Patterson and Galliano, 1999; Stotsky, 1996; Jones and
Seguin, 1997; Hau, 2001; Hetherington-Gore, 2001 and Davidson, 1997 (not
all of these authors are principally against a currency transaction tax; however,
they are ones that predominantly discuss difficulties with it).
6. See the following websites and authors: www.attac.org.uk; www.waronwant.org;
www.tobintax.org.uk; www.halifaxinitiative.org; Eichengreen et al. (1999);
ul Haq, Kaul and Grunberg, 1996; Griffith-Jones, 1996; Felix and Sau, 1996;
Kasa, 1999; Michalos, 1999; Moreno, 1997; Schmidt, 1999; Spahn, 1996;
Wahl, 2001 and Wahl and Waldow, 2001 (again, these are authors that
do recognize problems yet try to resolve them in favour of the tax).
7. For an explanation of Gramsci’s theory of coercion and consent see Femia,
1981, pp. 35–45.
8. It must be pointed out that this is not necessarily their fault: certain information
is often not released or is made difficult to access in an attempt to
keep the public acquiesecent. Furthermore, people are educated into being
deferent; politics is seen as something that must be ‘left to those who know
best’.
9. These two governments have recently passed decisions in favour of a Tobin
tax (Patterson, 2002, p. 11); however, on a more cynical note, one could
argue that they are placating the electorate as they both qualify that they
will go ahead only if other governments do, knowing full well that this is not
going to happen in the near future.
10. The European Commission published a report on the feasibility of the Tobin
Tax in 1999 and updated its position in December 2001 (Patterson, 2001).