Fluids Hypertension Syndromes: Migraines, Headaches, Normal ...

Fluids Hypertension Syndromes – Dr. Leonardo Izecksohn – page 137
14) Ginkgo biloba: It is a vasodilator.
15) Hemo-dialysis: it causes vasodilation.
16) High altitude without oxygen mask: It causes breath and blood with few oxygen, which is a brain
vasodilator.
17) Histamine: It liberates Nitric oxide from the vascular endothelium. It is a vasodilator.
18) Hypercapnia from any origin: It causes excessive carbonic gas in the blood, which is a vasodilator.
19) Hypoxia from any origin: It causes blood with few oxygen, and it is a brain vasodilator.
20) Magnesium deficiency?
21) Monosodium Glutamate (in foods): Its excess causes vasodilation.
22) Nasal vasoconstrictors: They cause the vasoconstriction of the arteries that nourish the Optic
Nerve, worsening the “Low-tension glaucoma”.
23) Nitric oxide, nitrites, nitrates (in preserved meats), nitroglycerin, glyceryl trinitrite, isosorbide:
They are vasodilators.
24) Opioids: they are vasodilators.
25) Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (Sildenafil, Vardenafil, Tadalafil: Erectile dysfunction drugs):
They are retinal and brain vasodilators.
26) Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38: it is a vasodilator.
27) Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine): It is a vasoconstrictor. During a migraine attack, the Serotonin
from the thrombocytes is released to the blood serum: “In 63 migraine patients...During the interictal
period, serotonin granules per 100 blood thrombocytes were 469.3 +/- 22.4, which was not significantly
different from the level in healthy subjects (447.9 +/- 19.6). At the peak of attacks, serotonin
contents decreased to 47.7 +/- 7.4, while the dissolved serotonin concentration, conversely, increased
to 345.5 +/- 39.1 ng/ml (compared with serum serotonin levels of 184.2 +/- 12.3 ng/ml in healthy
subjects). After migraine attacks, thrombocyte serotonin levels returned to baseline.” (Izzati-Zade K
F).
28) Sympathectomy, cervical: It causes cranial vasodilation.
29) Triptans: They are vasoconstrictors.
30) Tyramine and Phenylethylamine: They are vasodilators on patients with low levels of phenolsulfotransferase
P.
31) Vasoactive intestinal peptide: It is a cranial vasodilator, but after sympathectomy it is a vasoconstrictor.
32) Vasoactive neuropeptides: Substance P. Neurokinin A. They are vasodilators.
The headaches caused by these above etiologies are denominated as Disorders of homeostasis, Medications
overuse or Withdrawal headaches. They can cause ocular and brain vascular disturbs, exudation
of fluids and consequent Fluids' Hypertension headaches. Some of them, mainly the vasoconstrictors,
initially improve the headaches, and after some hours the rebound vasodilation worsens the headaches:
they are treacherous. The most common is the caffeine, which is a vasoconstrictor.
The physiological vasoconstriction when breathing pure oxygen (O2) do not cause migraines: “The
constriction of retinal vessels occurring in response to breathing 100% oxygen was studied in 10 normal
subjects over a period of 30 min. The mean arteriolar constriction was 15.3% and venous constriction
21.8%. Time constants (the time for 95% of the maximal response to have occurred) were 2.25
min and 2.37 min for arterioles and veins respectively.” (Hague S, and others). This vasoconstriction
breathing O2 is used to medicate migraines. (see Therapy).