Fluids Hypertension Syndromes: Migraines, Headaches, Normal ...

Fluids Hypertension Syndromes – Dr. Leonardo Izecksohn – page 233
“In women with benign breast disease, a borderline significant positive association with breast cancer
risk was observed for the highest quintile of caffeine consumption (RR, 1.32) and for the highest
category of coffee consumption (> or =4 cups daily) (1.35); tests for interaction were marginally significant.
Caffeine consumption was also significantly positively associated with risk of estrogen receptor-negative
and progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer (RR, 1.68) and breast tumors larger
than 2 cm (1.79).” (Ishitani K, and others).
“Trigonelline, a niacin-related compound, is a natural constituent of coffee accounting for approximately
1% dry matter in roasted beans... Trigonelline stimulated estrogen-dependent human breast
cancer MCF-7 cell proliferation in a dose-responsive manner and significantly enhanced cell growth at
concentrations as low as 100 pmol/L... and that this effect is mediated through estrogen receptor,
clearly identifying Trigonelline as a novel phytoestrogen.” (Allred K F, and others).
XVI - 33) Breast feeding baby disturbs: “Caffeine can enter the breast milk of nursing mothers” (International
Food Information Council. August 2002). According to the American Academy of Pediatrics
(2002), "Caffeine tends to build up in babies’ systems because their bodies cannot get rid of it very
easily. A morning cup of coffee is not likely to harm your baby, but too much caffeine can cause problems
such as poor sleeping, nervousness, irritability, and poor feeding.” (National Toxicology Program).
XVI - 34) Breast Volume Reduction: “Among healthy premenopausal non-hormone users, 3+ (coffee)
cups per day was associated with lower (breast) volume only in CYP1A2*1F C-allele carriers.”
(Jernström H, and others).
XVI - 35) Caffeine acute intoxication: “The elimination of caffeine was investigated in a 1860 g, 31
week gestation neonate, following the accidental administration of a 160 mg.kg-1 dose... Toxic manifestations
included hypertonia, sweating, tachycardia, cardiac failure, pulmonary oedema, metabolic
acidosis, hyperglycaemia and creatine kinase elevation. An unusual feature of this infant's illness
course was gastric dilatation. These signs resolved by day 7 at a serum concentration of 60-70 mg.l-1.”
(Anderson B J, and others).
“A 33-year-old woman developed severe post-lumbar puncture headaches in the course of work-up
for multiple sclerosis. Immediately after receiving treatment with intravenous caffeine, she became
blind and experienced a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Brain MR imaging then showed vasogenic
parieto-occipital edema. She recovered clinically and radiologically within 72 hours. After 1 year of
follow-up, there was no recurrence of symptoms or radiologic changes.” (Ortiz G A, and others).
“An acute overdose of caffeine, usually in excess of 400 milligrams can result in a state of central
nervous system overstimulation called caffeine intoxication.”(Wikipedia).
The energy drink exposures in an Australian poisons centre over 7 years to 2010: "Callers reported
297 exposures to energy drinks, which showed an increasing annual trend from 12 in 2004 to 65 in
2010. Median age for the 217 subjects with recreational exposure was 17 years... and 57% were male.
One hundred recreational users co-ingested other substances, predominantly alcohol (50) or other
caffeinated products (44)... Most subjects who reported recreational use reported experiencing
symptoms (87%). The most common symptoms were palpitations, agitation, tremor and
gastrointestinal upset. Twenty-one subjects had signs of serious cardiac or neurological toxicity,
including hallucinations, seizures, arrhythmias or cardiac ischaemia. At least 128 subjects (57 with no
co-ingestants) required hospitalisation." (Gunja N and Brown J A).
XVI - 36) Caffeine Dependence: Caffeine causes Dependence, but there are individual differences
from each patient, from the daily caffeine drank dosage, and from the other substances in the beverages.
The criteria of Dependence from the American Psychiatric Association in the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), are:
1. Tolerance.
2. Substance-specific withdrawal syndrome.
3. Substance often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended.