Fluids Hypertension Syndromes: Migraines, Headaches, Normal ...

Fluids Hypertension Syndromes – Dr. Leonardo Izecksohn – page 216
nounced habituation during visual evoked potentials and nociception-specific blink reflex recordings
than healthy volunteers. There was no difference for intensity dependence auditory evoked potentials,
but the slope tended to be steeper in Familial hemiplegic migraine. Contrary to the common forms of
migraine, Familial hemiplegic migraine patients are not characterized by a deficient, but rather by an
increased habituation in cortical/brain stem evoked activities. These results suggest differences
between Familial hemiplegic migraine and the common forms of migraine, as far as central neuronal
processing is concerned”. (Hansen J M, and others).
C-reactive protein in the blood: It is a marker of cerebro-vascular and many other diseases: “C-reactive
protein may be abnormal in migraine without aura and migraine with aura patients who present
with atypical, severe, or complex clinical features” (Welch KM and others).
Cerebrospinal Fluid pressure opening in the Lumbar puncture (Spinal tap): It is an invasive
exam, on a naked, bended and very stressed patient, in a surgery room, resulting on a non physiological
measure and can cause complications. Meanwhile, today it is the only exam to measure the
Cerebrospinal Fluid pressure.
“Cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid from headache patients (in frequent episodic tension-type headache
and migraine with or without aura, all during attack, and cervicogenic headache)... Intrathecal
monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 correlated with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-10
and transforming growth factor-beta1 in episodic tension-type headache, and monocyte chemoattractant
protein-1 with interleukin-10 in migraine with aura. Cytokine increases were modest compared
with those often accompanying serious neurological conditions, and may represent a mild response to
pain.” (Bo S H, and others).
Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging: “Using diffusion tensor tractography, we quantified
optic radiation structural changes in seven migraine patients with aura... . Migraine with aura patients
had reduced average fractional anisotropy of both optic radiations compared with controls and reduced
average fractional anisotropy of the right optic radiation compared with Migraine without aura patients.
They also showed higher right optic radiation mean diffusivity.” (Rocca M A, and others).
“Digiti quinti sign, described originally as a clinical indication of subtle motor deficit, consists of a
relatively greater abduction of the fifth finger on the affected side when both arms are extended
forwards. This sign was previously observed interictally in three consecutive hemiplegic migraine
patients. The angle between the fourth and fifth fingers was measured interictally in 10 hemiplegic
migraine patients, 44 migraine with aura and migraine without aura patients, and 45 healthy controls.
The angle between the fourth and fifth fingers was significantly wider at the symptomatic side in
hemiplegic migraine... The differences between the symptomatic and non-symptomatic (for
hemiplegic migraine) or between the right and left sides (absolute values for non-hemiplegic migraine
and controls) were, respectively, 10.10° ± 9.58°, 4.15° ± 3.95° and 5.37° ± 4.74°. The optimal cutoff
point for angle between the fourth and fifth fingers was 15° at the symptomatic side (sensitivity and
specificity of 80.0% and 72.2%, respectively), 10.5° at the non-symptomatic side (sensitivity and
specificity of 60.0% and 52.3%), and 3° for the difference between sides (sensitivity and specificity of
90.0% and 79.5%).” (Vincent M B, and others).
Dopamine levels: “We found increased dopamine levels in the headache free period in female migraineurs
but not in male patients. Increased dopamine is associated with a 3.30-fold higher risk for
migraine in women.” (Gruber H J, and others).
Electroencephalogram (EEG): “Electroencephalogram recordings from 40 migraineurs...Frontocentral
delta power increased, whereas frontocentral theta and alpha power tended to increase within
36 h before the next attack compared with the interictal period. Occipitoparietal (alpha and theta) and