Fluids Hypertension Syndromes: Migraines, Headaches, Normal ...

Fluids Hypertension Syndromes – Dr. Leonardo Izecksohn – page 162
4- Neural reflexes: The spreading aches in the Central Nervous System can stimulate a motor nerve,
not primarily affected, and its impulses can cause vasodilation, vasoconstriction, increasing secretions,
edema, etc. These are neural reflexes secondary to the primary aches. The neural reflexes can happen
on the sympathetic, the parasympathetic and the motor nerves. The excessive neural stimulus are also
risk factors or etiologies to migraines, to muscle tenderness, to disturb glands secretions, and can amplify
the aches and their continuance.
5- Cervical Muscle tenderness and hypertrophy: The central nervous system aching, defensively reacts
and increases the tonus of some cervical muscles in order to reduce the head movements, so reducing
the disturbs in the Cerebrospinal and Inner ear’s fluid pressures which could worsen the aches.
This is a natural immobilization. This is known as Tension-type headache, but it occurs also with migraines.
“For the total group, (muscle contraction/tension-type n = 19 and common migraine without
aura, n = 28), 77% of all subjects and 89% of females exhibited a marked reduction, absence or reversal
of the normal cervical lordosis. Ninety-seven percent of all subjects exhibited, on dynamic X-ray
studies, at least one significant abnormality of segmental mobility from (cervical vertebrae) C1 to C7,
while 43% exhibited abnormalities at four or more segments. Segmental motion at C0-C1 was reduced
in 90% of subjects in flexion and 70% of subjects in extension. On motion palpation, 84% of common
migraine without aura and muscle contraction/tension-type subjects were found to have at least two
major fixations from C0 to C2.” (Vernon H, and others).
“Individuals with transformed migraine had numerically inferior cervical range of motion in all
parameters, and significant reduction in 3 of them: extension, left lateral flexion, and right rotation. Individuals
with episodic and transformed migraine have decreased cervical range of motion.” (Bevilaqua-Grossi
D, and others).
When this cervical muscle tenderness occurs frequently, it causes neck's muscle hypertrophy: “Boys
with migraine had significantly larger cross-sectional area of both right sternocleidomastoid and combined
right sternocleidomastoid and scalenus muscles, and left semispinalis capitis muscle and combined
left semispinalis and splenius muscles than boys without headache... In boys, unilaterally increased
size of neck flexion and extension muscles is associated with migraine.” (Oksanen A, and others).
All these above 5 types of neural signs and symptoms can happen together: One example is the
lonely high intraocular pressure with glaucoma, which stretches the Optic Nerve (2 nd . Cranial nerve) at
the Optic Disk. This primary pathological sensation is felt as:
a) Primary ache: Felt by the Trigeminal nerve (Ophthalmic division of the 5 th . cranial nerve), which
goes to the brain stem and to the brain cortex, where it is felt as an ache in the eye or behind it. This
primary neural aching (nociceptive) sensation usually causes:
b) Primary Migraines without aura, or headaches, or Cluster Migraines on the ocular, orbital, frontal
or temporal head areas.
c) Allodinia at the Optic Nerve: Photophobia (Light sensitivity).
d) Allodynia at another nerve: Secondary Tension-Type Migraines is felt at the nape, area of the 2nd.
cervical nerve, because there is a neural convergence mechanism between the cervical and trigeminal
nerves in the Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis, inside the Central Nervous system.
“Nociceptive information from the trigeminal and cervical territories activates the neurons in the trigeminal
nucleus caudalis that extend to the C2 spinal segment and lateral cervical nucleus in the dorsolateral
cervical area. The overlap between the trigeminal nerve and cervical is known as a convergence
mechanism.” (Piovesan E J, and others).
e) Parasympathetic Neural reflex: It can cause excessive tears by a parasympathetic stimulus to the
lachrymal gland: The aches from the 1st. division of the 5th. Cranial nerve (Trigeminal) go the brain
stem, transmit this pathological sensations to the fibers of the Facial nerve (7th. Cranial nerve), whose
stimulus go to the spheno-palatin ganglion inside the nose, to the Maxillary nerve (2nd. division of the
5th. Cranial nerve), and then to the Lachrymal nerve, which is originated from the Ophthalmic (1st.)
division of the 5th. Cranial nerve.