Fluids Hypertension Syndromes: Migraines, Headaches, Normal ...

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Fluids Hypertension Syndromes – Dr. Leonardo Izecksohn – page 292 “Emulsion with Siloxanetriol alginate caffeine was considered more indicated to promote the lipolytic action on fatty tissue, acting as a complement to treat cellulite.” (Velasco M V, and others). XVII- 49 -To enhance seizure duration in electroconvulsive therapy. XVII- 50 -To determine the enzymatic capacity for its degradation and elimination by the patient, together with other intoxicants. “Cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) are key enzymes in the metabolism of caffeine. Gluthatione S-transferase alpha1 may also be active in the metabolism of caffeine.” (Bech B H, and others). Individuals who are homozygous for the Cytochrome P4501A2*1A allele are "rapid" caffeine metabolizers, whereas carriers of the variant Cytochrome P4501A2*1F are "slow" caffeine metabolizers, ascribed to differences in the activities of the arylamine acetylating enzymes (isozymic N-acetyltransferase variants) of the liver, intestinal mucosa and other tissues. The acetylator status is determined by measuring the peak height ratio of two urinary caffeine metabolites, 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3methyluracil and 1-methylxanthine, one to four hours after drinking a strong cup of coffee. The classification of the patient as slow or rapid acetylator has statistical correlations with many diseases. “The slow acetylator (N-acetyltransferase phenotype) status is related with: Increased risk of certain side effects in slow acetylators treated with isoniazid (particularly peripheral neuropathies and lupus erythematosus). Hypersensibility reactions with sulfonamides (including Lyell and Stevens-Johnson syndromes), Poor tolerance to sulfasalazine and dapsone. Risk of developing primitive liver cancer. Predisposition to mesothelioma in subjects exposed to asbestos. Predisposition to atopic diseases. Increased frequency of Parkinson's disease. The fast acetylator status is related with: Myelotoxicity induced by amonafide. Increased risk of nephropathy on non-smoking type 1 diabetics.” (Furet Y, and others). “Significant differences in the proportion of rapid acetylators were observed between type 1 (53.6%) and type 2 (33.7%) diabetics, and between the control group (26%).” (el-Yazigi A, and others). “Women with slow N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and rapid cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity were at highest risk relative to women with rapid NAT2 and slow Cytochrome P4501A2 activity, for lung adenocarcinoma.” (Seow A, and others). “Cytochrome P450 (CYP1A2) enzyme activity was determined in healthy Swedish and Korean subjects, on the basis of the 4-h plasma paraxanthine/caffeine ratio. The mean ratio was 1.54-fold higher in Swedes than in Koreans. Smokers had a significantly higher ratio (higher CYP1A2 activity) than nonsmokers, while Swedish oral contraceptive users had a significantly lower ratio than non-users. Koreans displayed a significantly lower mean ratio than Swedes having the same CYP1A2 genotype, smoking habit and oral contraceptive use. None of the investigated CYP1A2 haplotypes are critical in inducing variations in enzyme activity, with the exception of CYP1A2*1F.” (Ghotbi R, and others). “Daily consumption of at least three cups of coffee significantly increased Cytochrome P450 1A2 enzyme activity in both Serbs (P = 0.0002) and Swedes…Significantly higher plasma paraxanthine/caffeine (17X/137X) ratio was detected in Serbian smokers compared to non-smokers…Habitual heavy coffee consumption increases Cytochrome P450 1A2 activity. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed during roasting of coffee beans might partly be responsible for this effect.” (Djordjevic N, and others). XVII -51- To improve the endurance performance in competitions (ergogenic effect): “Caffeine improves performance and endurance during prolonged, exhaustive exercise. To a lesser degree, it also enhances short-term, high-intensity athletic performance. Caffeine improves concentration, reduces fatigue, and enhances alertness.” (Paluska S A).
Fluids Hypertension Syndromes – Dr. Leonardo Izecksohn – page 293 “During prolonged exercise in the heat, caffeine ingestion (6 mg/kg body weight) maintains maximal voluntary contraction and increases maximal cycling power despite dehydration and hyperthermia. When combined with water and carbohydrate, caffeine ingestion increases maximal leg force by increasing voluntary activation (i.e., reducing central fatigue).” (Del Coso J, and others). “Athletes competing at the 2005 Ironman Triathlon World Championships… typically finish with quantities of caffeine that have been shown to improve endurance performance (i.e., approximately 20 micromol/L or a dose of > or = 3 mg/kg body weight)”. (Desbrow B, and Leveritt M). “Some of the reported interactions of caffeine, irrespective of clinical relevance, might inadvertently cause athletes to exceed the urinary caffeine concentration limit set by sports authorities at 12 mg/L.” (Carrillo J A, and Benitez J). Meanwhile, this has collateral effects: “Subjects ingested one dose of dietary supplements (Ripped Fuel Extreme Cut(R) with 21 mg synephrine and 304 mg caffeine by analysis) 1 hour prior to moderately intense exercise (30 min on cycle ergometer at 75-80% HR(max)). Post-exercise diastolic blood pressure was higher (peak mean 71.7 +/- 8.7 mmHg). Plasma glucose increased to 121.0 +/- 31.6 mg dl(-1). Exercise was rated less difficult.” (Haller C A, and others). “Twenty-four professional rugby-league players ingested caffeine doses of 0, 200, 400, and 800 mg in random order 1 hr before a resistance-exercise session…Testosterone concentration showed a small increase of 15% (+/- 19%) during exercise. The 800-mg dose also produced a moderate 52% (+/- 44%) increase in cortisol. The effect of caffeine on the testosterone: cortisol ratio was a small decline (14%; +/- 21%).” (Beaven C M, and others). The ergogenic effect is small: “15 well-trained and 15 recreational runners completed two randomized 5-km time-trials, after ingestion of either 5 mg/kg of caffeine or a placebo. Caffeine ingestion significantly improved 5-km running performance in both the well-trained and recreational runners. In comparison to the placebo trial, the caffeine trial resulted in 1.1% and 1.0% faster times for the welltrained and recreational runners.” (O'Rourke M P, and others). XVII -52- To obtain physiological processes stimulus and heating at cold climates (thermogenic response). “Consumption of 400 ml hot tea, coffee, and water beverage with/without 100 mg caffeine and milk, rapidly increased skin conductance and temperature (+1.7 degrees C). Caffeine in the beverage increased systolic blood pressure (+2.8 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (+2.1 mmHg) 30-60 min post-consumption. Both caffeine and milk addition to beverages independently improved mood and reduced anxiety 30 and 60 min post-consumption. Tea potentiated the increase in skin temperature compared to coffee and water, plausibly related to the presence of flavonoids in tea. We conclude that ingestion of hot caffeinated beverages stimulates physiological processes.” (Quinlan P, and others). On “Twelve healthy, normal weight men (age: 23.7 +/- 2.6 years, mean +/- s.d.)...Caffeine (50 mg) induced a thermogenic response of 6% above baseline value (72 +/- 25 kJ per 4 h, mean +/- s.e.).” (Belza A, and others). XVII -53- To obtain cognitive functions endurance and to stay awake: Caffeine disrupts sleep and increases arousal. Meanwhile, there are placebo effect, the need to repeat its ingestion, and collateral effects. “The ingestion of caffeinated beverages may maintain aspects of cognitive and psychomotor performance throughout the day and evening when caffeinated beverages are administered repeatedly. Day-long tea consumption produces similar alerting effects to coffee, despite lower caffeine levels, but is less likely to disrupt sleep.” (Hindmarch I, and others). “Even in the most adverse circumstances (during exposure to severe stress), moderate doses of caffeine can improve cognitive function, including vigilance, learning, memory, and mood state. A dose of 200 mg appears to be optimal under such conditions.” (Lieberman H R, and others). “During the tasks, the task performance of the caffeine group was better than that of the placebo group. However, after the fatigue-inducing tasks, plasma branched-chain amino acid levels in the caffeine group were lower than those of the placebo group.” (Ataka S, and others).
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- 1 patient (7.7%) presented photop
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Advanced (Cup/Disk ratio=1) Fluids
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Migraines, Variants, Signs and Symp
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cornea aches and forces its owner t
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10. Worsened at menses 11. White sh
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y the raised intraocular pressure.
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aches. It was very easy to cure her
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al from the caffeine. Fluids Hypert
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Page 241 and 242: A(1)/A(2A) receptors.” (Nobrega J
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1. BadBoy 2. Burn 3. Café 4. Chá
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53. Tylenol DC Fluids Hypertension
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