Fluids Hypertension Syndromes: Migraines, Headaches, Normal ...

Fluids Hypertension Syndromes – Dr. Leonardo Izecksohn – page 286
XVII- 14 -Genetic composition and caffeine consumption: “The main target of caffeine action in the
nervous system [adenosine A(2A) receptor (ADORA2A) 1083C-->T] is associated with habitual caffeine
consumption. The probability of having the ADORA2A 1083TT genotype decreases as habitual
caffeine consumption increases.” (Cornelis M C, and others).
XVII- 15 - High-fat diet: “The results indicate the protective effect of green tea catechin and caffeine
on the functions of brain and pancreas in mice fed a high-fat diet.” (Unno K, and others).
XVII- 16 -Women suicide prevention: Between “86626 US female registered nurses aged 34 to 59
years in 1980, who were free of diagnosed coronary heart disease, stroke, or cancer,…the data suggest
a strong inverse association between coffee intake and risk of suicide.” (Kawachi I, and others).
XVII- 17 -Anal sphincter increased contraction: “Caffeine 3.5 mg/kg body weight in 200 ml of water
resulted in stronger anal sphincter contractions both at basal period and during voluntary squeeze.
The sensory threshold was also decreased, leading to an earlier desire to defecate.” (Lohsiriwat S, and
others).
XVII- 18 -Antibacterial activity: “Roasted coffee extract possesses antibacterial activity against a
wide range of microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans, whereas
green coffee extract exhibits no such activity.” “Caffeine synergistically enhances the antibacterial
activity of alpha-dicarbonyl compounds and that glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and diacetyl in the presence
of caffeine account for the whole antibacterial activity of roasted coffee.” (Daglia M, and others).
“The in vitro antimicrobial activity of commercial coffee extracts and chemical compounds was investigated
on nine strains of enterobacteria… Caffeic acid and trigonelline showed similar inhibitory
effect against the growth of the microorganisms. Caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and protocatechuic acid
showed particularly strong effect against Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter cloacae… Trigonelline,
caffeine, and protocatechuic acids are potential natural antimicrobial agents against Salmonella enterica.
The concentrations of caffeine found in coffee extracts are enough to warrant 50% of the antimicrobial
effect against Serratia enterica, which is relevant to human safety.” (Almeida A A, and others).
XVII- 19 -Anti-cariogenic effects: “Cocoa polyphenol pentamers significantly reduce biofilm formation
and acid production by Streptococcus mutans and S. sanguinis. Trigonelline, caffeine and chlorogenic
acid occurring in green and roasted coffee interfere with S. mutans adsorption to salive-coated
hydroxyapatite beads. Studies carried out on green, oolong and black tea indicate that tea polyphenols
exert an anti-caries effect via an anti-microbial mode-of-action, and galloyl esters of (-)-epicatechin,
(-)-epigallocatechin and (-)-gallocatechin show increasing antibacterial activities.” (Ferrazzano G F,
and others).
“Caffeinated coffee and tea intake (but not decaffeinated beverage intake) is associated with decreased
incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer... Treatment of mice with topical caffeine significantly
diminished phospho-Chk1 (Ser317) staining and increased the number of mitotic cells that expressed
cyclin B1 and caspase 3 in tumors, consistent with caffeine-induced lethal mitosis selectively in tumors.”
(Lu Y P, and others).
XVII- 20 - Antiviral activity:
a - Caffeine is a medication anti-Human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1): “In this study, we
show that an inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related and ataxia telangiectasia mutated
kinases, caffeine, can suppress replication of infectious HIV-1 strains, and provide evidence that caffeine
exerts its inhibitory effect at the integration step of the HIV-1 life-cycle. We also demonstrate that
caffeine-related methylxanthines including the clinically used compound, theophylline, act at the same
step of the HIV-1 life-cycle as caffeine and efficiently inhibit HIV-1 replication in primary human
cells.” (Nunnari G, and others).
b – “Coffee extracts exert inhibitory activities on the virus infection: