Clinician's Pocket Drug Reference 2008

168 Pentosan Polysulfate SodiumPentosan Polysulfate Sodium (Elmiron) Uses: *Relieve pain/discomfortw/ interstitial cystitis* Action: Bladder wall buffer Dose: 100 mg PO tid;on empty stomach w/ H 2 O 1 h ac or 2 h pc Caution: [B, ?/–] Contra: AllergyDisp: Caps 100 mg SE: Alopecia, N/D, HA, ↑ LFTs, anticoagulant effects, thrombocytopeniaNotes: Reassess after 3 moPentoxifylline (Trental) Uses: *Rx symptoms of peripheral vascular Dz*Action: ↓ Blood cell viscosity, restores RBC flexibility Dose: Adults. 400 mg POtid pc; Rx min 8 wk for effect; ↓ to bid w/GI/CNS SEs Caution: [C, +/–] Contra:Cerebral/retinal hemorrhage Disp: Tabs CR 400 mg; Tabs ER 400 mg SE: Dizziness,HA, GI upsetPerindopril Erbumine (Aceon) Uses: *HTN,* CHF, DN, post-MI Action:ACE inhibitor Dose: 4–8 mg/d;16 mg/day max; avoid w/ food; ↓ inelderly/renal impair Caution: [C (1st tri, D 2nd & 3rd tri), ?/–] ACE-inhibitorinducedangioedema Contra: Bilateral RAS, primary hyperaldosteronism Disp:Tabs 2, 4, 8 mg SE: HA, ↓ BP, dizziness, GI upset, cough Notes: OK w/ diureticsPermethrin (Nix, Elimite) [OTC] Uses: *Rx lice/scabies* Action:Pediculicide Dose: Adults & Peds. Lice, saturate hair & scalp; allow 10 min beforerinsing; Scabies: apply cream head to toe; leave for 8–14 hours, wash w/H 2 O Caution:[B, ?/–] Contra: Allergy Disp: Topical lotion 1%; cream 5% SE: Local irritationNotes: Disinfect clothing, bedding, combs, & brushes, lotion not OK in peds< 2 yrs of age, may repeat after 7 daysPerphenazine (Trilafon) Uses: *Psychotic disorders, severe N,* intractablehiccups Action: Phenothiazine, blocks brain dopaminergic receptorsDose: Adults: Antipsychotic: 4–16 mg PO tid; max 64 mg/d. Hiccups: 5 mg IMq6h PRN or 1 mg IV at intervals not < 1–2 mg/min, 5 mg max. Peds. 1–6 y: 4–6mg/d PO in ÷ doses. 6–12 y: 6 mg/d PO in ÷ doses. >12 y: 4–16 mg PO bid–qid; ↓in hepatic insuff Caution: [C, ?/–] NAG, severe ↑ /↓ BP Contra: Phenothiazinesensitivity, BM depression, severe liver or cardiac Dz Disp: Tabs 2, 4, 8, 16 mg;PO conc 16 mg/5 mL; inj 5 mg/mL SE: ↓ BP, tachycardia, bradycardia, EPS,drowsiness, Szs, photosens, skin discoloration, blood dyscrasias, constipationPhenazopyridine (Pyridium, others) Uses: *Lower urinary tract irritation*Action: Local anesthetic on urinary tract mucosa Dose: Adults. 100–200mg PO tid. Peds 6–12 y. 12 mg/kg/24 h PO in 3 ÷ doses; ↓ in renal insuff Caution:[B, ?] Hepatic Dz Contra: Renal failure Disp: Tabs 95, 97.2, 100, 200 mg; SE: GIdisturbances; red-orange urine color (can stain clothing); HA, dizziness, acuterenal failure, methemoglobinemiaPhenelzine (Nardil) WARNING: Antidepressants increase the risk of suicidalthinking and behavior in children and adolescents w/ major depressive disorderand other psychiatric disorders Uses: *Depression* Action: MAOI Dose:15 mg PO tid. Elderly: 15–60 mg/d ÷ doses Caution: [C, –] Interacts w/ SSRI, ergots,triptans Contra: CHF, Hx liver Dz, pheochromocytoma Disp: Tabs 15 mgSE: Postural ↓ BP; edema, dizziness, sedation, rash, sexual dysfunction, xerosto-