Clinician's Pocket Drug Reference 2008

56 Carvedilolmild ISA Dose: Ophth 1 gt in eye(s) bid Caution: [C (1st tri); D (2nd & 3rd tri),?/–] Cardiac failure, asthma Contra: Sinus bradycardia; heart block >1st degree;bronchospasm Disp: Ophth soln 1% SE: Drowsiness, sexual dysfunction, bradycardia,edema, CHF; ocular: conjunctival hyperemia, anisocoria, keratitis, eye painNotes: No value in CHFCarvedilol (Coreg, Coreg CR) Uses: *HTN, Mild to severe CHF, LVdysfunction post MI* Action: Blocks adrenergic receptors, β 1 , β 2 , 1 Dose: HTN:6.25–12.5 mg bid. CHF: 3.125–25 mg bid; w/ food to minimize ↓ BP Caution: [C(1st tri); D (2nd & 3rd tri), ?/–] asthma, DM Contra: Decompensated CHF, 2nd-/3rd-degree heart block, SSS, severe bradycardia w/o pacemaker, asthma, severehepatic impair Disp: Tabs 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 mg SE: Dizziness, fatigue, hyperglycemia,may mask/potentiate hypoglycemia, bradycardia, edema, hypercholesterolemiaNotes: Do not D/C abruptly; ↑ digoxin levelsCaspofungin (Cancidas) Uses: *Invasive aspergillosis refractory/intolerantto standard therapy, esophageal candidiasis* Action: Echinocandin; ↓ fungalcell wall synth; highest activity in regions of active cell growth Dose: 70 mg IVload day 1, 50 mg/d IV; slow inf; ↓ in hepatic impair Caution: [C, ?/–] Do not usew/ cyclosporine; not studied as initial therapy Contra: Allergy to any componentDisp: Inj 50, 70 mg powder for recons SE: Fever, HA, N/V, thrombophlebitis atsite, ↑ LFTs Notes: Monitor during infusion; limited experience beyond 2 wk oftherapyCefaclor (Raniclor) Uses: *Bacterial Infxns of the upper & lower resptract, skin, bone, urinary tract, abdomen, gynecologic system* Action: 2nd-gencephalosporin; ↓ cell wall synth. Spectrum: More gram(–) activity than 1st-gencephalosporins; effective against gram(+) (S. aureus); good gram(–) coverageagainst Haemophilus influenzae Dose: Adults. 250–500 mg PO tid; XR 375–500mg bid. Peds. 20–40 mg/kg/d PO ÷ 8–12 h; ↓ renal impair Caution: [B, +] Contra:Cephalosporin allergy Disp: Caps 250, 500 mg; Tabs ER 375, 500 mg Chewtabs 125, 187, 250, 375 mg; susp 125, 187, 250, 375 mg/5 mL SE: D, rash,eosinophilia, ↑ transaminasesCefadroxil (Duricef) Uses: *Infxns of skin, bone, upper & lower resptract, urinary tract* Action: 1st-gen cephalosporin; ↓ cell wall synth. Spectrum:Good gram(+) coverage (group A β-hemolytic Strep, Staph); gram(–) (E. coli, Proteus,Klebsiella) Dose: Adults. 1—2 g/d PO, 2 ÷ doses Peds. 30 mg/kg/d ÷ bid; ↓in renal impair Caution: [B, +] Contra: Cephalosporin allergy Disp: Caps 500 mg;tabs 1 g; susp 125, 250, 500 mg/5 mL SE: N/V/D, rash, eosinophilia, ↑ transaminasesCefazolin (Ancef) Uses: * Infxns of skin, bone, upper & lower resp tract,urinary tract* Action: 1st-gen cephalosporin; ↓ cell wall synth. Spectrum: Goodcoverage gram(+) bacilli & cocci, (Strep, Staph [except Enterococcus]); somegram(–) (E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella) Dose: Adults. 1–2 g IV q8h Peds. 25–100mg/kg/d IV ÷ q6–8h; ↓ in renal impair Caution: [B, +] Contra: Cephalosporin al-