Clinician's Pocket Drug Reference 2008

60 CephalexinSulfonamide allergy, periop CABG Disp: Caps 100, 200 400 mg SE: see Warning;GI upset, HTN, edema, renal failure, HA Notes: Watch for Sxs of GI bleed; no effecton plt/bleeding time; can affect drugs metabolized by P-450 pathwayCephalexin (Keflex, Pranixine Disperdose) Uses: *Skin, bone,upper/lower resp tract, urinary tract Infxns* Action: 1st-gen cephalosporin; ↓ cellwall synth. Spectrum: Strep, Staph, E. coli, Proteus, & Klebsiella Dose: Adults.250–1000 mg PO qid. Peds. 25–100 mg/kg/d PO ÷ qid; ↓ in renal impair; (onempty stomach) Caution: [B, +] Contra: Cephalosporin allergy Disp: Caps 250,500 mg; tabs for oral susp 100, 125, 250 mg; susp 125, 250 mg/5 mL SE: D, rash,eosinophilia, ↑ LFTsCephradine (Velosef) Uses: *Respiratory, GU, GI, skin, soft tissue, bone,& joint Infxns* Action: 1st-gen cephalosporin; ↓ cell wall synth. Spectrum:Gram(+) bacilli & cocci (not Enterococcus); some gram(–) (E. coli, Proteus, &Klebsiella) Dose: Adults. 250–500 mg q6–12h (8 g/d max). Peds >9 mo. 25–100mg/kg/d ÷ bid-qid (4 g/d max); ↓ in renal impair Caution: [B, +] Contra:Cephalosporin allergy Disp: Caps: 250, 500 mg; powder for susp 125, 250 mg/5mL SE: Rash, eosinophilia, ↑ LFTs, N/V/DCetirizine (Zyrtec, Zyrtec D) Uses: *Allergic rhinitis & other allergicSxs including urticaria* Action: Nonsedating antihistamine Dose: Adults & Children>6 y. 5–10 mg/d. Zyrtec D 5/120 mg PO bid whole Peds. 6–11 mo: 2.5 mgdaily. 12–23 mo: 2.5 mg daily-bid; ↓ in renal/hepatic impair Caution: [B, ?/–] Elderly& nursing mothers; >10 mg/d may cause drowsiness Contra: Allergy to cetirizine,hydroxyzine Disp: Tabs 5, 10 mg; Chew Tabs 5, 10 mg; syrup 5 mg/5 mL;Zyrtec D: Tabs 5/120 mg (cetirizine/pseudoephedrine) SE: HA, drowsiness, xerostomiaNotes: Can cause sedationCetuximab (Erbitux) WARNING: Severe inf Rxns including rapid onsetof airway obst (bronchospasm, stridor, hoarseness), urticaria, & ↓ BP; permanentD/C required; ↑ risk sudden death and cardiopulm arrest Uses: *EGFR + metcolorectal CA w/wo irinotecan, unresectable head/neck SCC w/RT; monotherapyin met head/neck cancer* Action: Human/mouse recombinant MoAb; bindsEGFR, ↓ tumor cell growth Dose: Per protocol; load 400 mg/m2 IV over 2 h; 250mg/m 2 given over 1 h 1 × wk Caution: [C, –] Disp: Inj 100 mg/ 50 mL SE: Acneformrash, asthenia/malaise, N/V/D, abd pain, alopecia, inf Rxn, derm tox, interstitiallung disease, fever, sepsis, dehydration, kidney failure, PE Notes: Assesstumor for EGFR before Rx; pretreat w/diphenhydramine; w/mild SE ↓ inf rate by50%; limit sun exposureCharcoal, Activated (Superchar, Actidose, Liqui-Char) Uses:*Emergency poisoning by most drugs & chemicals (see Contra)* Action: Adsorbentdetoxicant Dose: Give w/ 70% sorbitol (2 mL/kg); repeated use of sorbitol notOK Adults. Acute intox: 30–100 g/dose. GI dialysis: 20–50 g q6h for 1–2 d. Peds1–12 y. Acute intox: 1–2 g/kg/dose. GI dialysis: 5–10 g/dose q4–8h Caution:[C, ?] May cause V (hazardous w/ petroleum & caustic ingestions); do not mix w/