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Policy and public commitment: the foundation of disaster risk reduction3Objectives of the SADC strategy for floods and drought management in the regionSource: SADC Water Sector Coordination Unit, 2001The Regional Remote Sensing Unit (RRSU) ofFANR collaborates closely with the RegionalEarly Warning Unit by working to strengthennational and regional capabilities in the area ofremote sensing and GIS applications. It offersa range of specialized services for use in earlywarning for food security and natural resourcesmanagement, including training agro-meteorologistsin the use of satellite imagery products.It processes and disseminates a variety of satelliteinformation pertaining to meteorologicalconditions, vegetation distribution, crop outlooksand other development indicators. It isalso used to monitor and map land use patterns,land degradation and desertification conditions.The resulting information is distributedto a wide-range of users throughoutSouthern Africa, including government ministries,private trading and industrial sectors,banking and finance groups, farming organi-zations, NGOs, and international developmentassistance organizations.While the RRSU has already provided importantdata related to seasonal flood and droughtrisk, it anticipates being able to strengthen itscapacities in disaster reduction by generatingan integrated flood and drought risk profile forSouthern Africa in cooperation with the USGeological Survey. In a more general sense,RRSU can assume even wider importance toregional cooperation in disaster reduction asthe combined effects of climate variation andthe needs for monitoring environmental conditionsbecome more integrated into future riskmanagement practices.Despite the specific nature of its name, theSADC Drought Monitoring Centre (DMC)located at the Zimbabwe Meteorological Servicehas a primary responsibility to monitor climateextremes, especially as they relate to121
3Living with Risk: A global review of disaster reduction initiatives122droughts and floods. By working closely withall of the national meteorological and hydrologicalservices in the region, and with technicalsupport provided by the WMO, the centregenerates highly-regarded seasonal rainfallforecasts and provides additional climateanalysis and information. It also producesregional climate data, synoptic reviews andweather outlooks, semi-processed globalocean-atmospheric data, monthly and seasonalforecast updates, and a ten-day drought watchfor the SADC region. The centre providesopportunities to develop the technical and analyticalabilities of staff, drawn from nationalmeteorological and hydrological services in theregion, through a secondment programme. Italso manages meteorological and climate databanksfor the region.Every year, the DMC coordinates the SouthernAfrica Region Climate Outlook Forum (SAR-COF). Beyond playing a crucial role in forecastingseasonal rainfall, SARCOF has provento be a useful process that extends climateanalysis and training practices to an expandingrange of multi-sectoral users in SouthernAfrica. As the awareness of risk reductionbecomes a matter of pressing national andregional concerns, and the consequences ofchanging climatic conditions are more apparenton both environmental and water-relatedissues, the compilation and dissemination ofmulti-sectoral information by regional mechanismssuch as SARCOF will assume evengreater future importance.Both the SADC Water Resources Sector and theSADC Environment and Land Management Sector(ELMS) have crucial roles to play in developingpolicies and strategies for water resources andenvironment and land management issues in allSADC countries. The water sector has longgiven attention to the development of cooperativeagreements on shared river basins, but thefloods of 2000 and 2001 underlined the need forgreater attention to regional flood risk, in additionto recurrent drought. The need for interstatecooperation associated with water-relatedhazards in Southern Africa is particularly acuteas there are more than ten shared watercourses inthe region, with the largest, the Zambesi Riverflowing through nine different countries.The successful implementation of this disasterreduction strategy rests on interaction betweendifferent technical and administrative networksacross Southern Africa. In May 2001, an integratedStrategy for Flood and Drought Managementin the SADC Region was approved forimplementation over a four year period. Thestrategy focuses on preparedness and contingencyplanning, early warning and vulnerabilityinformation systems, mitigation measures,response activities and recovery strategies.The process involves regular consultationsthrough which the heads of disaster management,early warning, meteorology and waterauthorities from individual countries in SouthernAfrica will meet with SADC technical counterpartsin order to monitor progress and addressimpediments to reduce drought and flood-relateddisasters. This process has been complementedby the US Geological Survey’s support forthe development of flood and drought maps forthe region.Fifty real-time and coordinated data collectionstations are currently being installed in elevenSouthern African countries under the SADCHydrological Cycle Observing System (SADC-HYCOS). These stations and the informationthat they gather are expected to make majorimprovements in the timely availability of dataand to provide more real-time data transmissionand the dissemination of essential transboundaryhydrological information for floodforecasting. This EU-funded project is beingimplemented by the SADC Water SectorResources in association with the nationalhydrological services of the participating countries.In addition, the Zambesi River Authority(ZRA) was established by Zambia and Zimbabwein 1998 to coordinate their decisions onwater use, power generation, and upstream anddownstream risk consequences of their watermanagement policies. Following the 2000floods, the ZRA formed a Joint OperationsTechnical Committee with Hidroeléctrica deCabora Bassa in Mozambique to share dataand technical information about the operationsof their respective Kariba and Cabora Bassareservoirs. Their collaboration is an importantexample of shared institutional efforts byneighbouring countries to provide early warningfor floods and to monitor water levels forpower generation. This regional cooperation isfurthered by the weekly exchange of data and
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DLiving with RiskA global review of
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Bastien Affeltranger, FranceTom Alc
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IntroductionThis is a preliminary v
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“Imagine all the people…”It w
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Eruption of Mount Agung, Bali, Indo
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Living with risk - focus on disaste
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The shift towards disaster reductio
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Taking these developments into acco
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Disaster risk reduction - a sharedr
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A disaster is a function of the ris
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Disaster risk management and reduct
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Chapter2Risk awareness and assessme
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Understanding the nature of hazards
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Risk awareness and assessment2Map-
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The figure below illustrates the fo
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Trends in disaster impactWhile no c
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Trends in hazardsUntil recently, th
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Risk awareness and assessment2Nyira
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Risk awareness and assessment2ISDR
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Risk awareness and assessment2Reduc
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Risk awareness and assessment2Wildl
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Risk awareness and assessment2Prima
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Risk awareness and assessment215 la
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dering external debts that constitu
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The identification of hazards usual
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consideration about the nature of i
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Technical information service conve
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ole in defining these future requir
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A second initiative to disseminate
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support, contribute to the establis
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issues, climatic uncertainty, chang
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Building understanding: development
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anism that has been exploited to on
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preparedness are frequently attribu
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Institutional basis to transmit exp
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lic information must necessarily in
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information including links to many
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Building understanding: development
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ized a workshop with the support of
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nication remains the local language
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In 2001, government officials, ADRC
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challengesFuture challenges and pri
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Chapter5A selection of disasterredu
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Annexesa1Annex 1Terminology: Basic
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Emergency management involves the p
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Recovery (rehabilitation and recons
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Annexesa2Annex 2Directory: Internat
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Annexesa2Business and Industry Coun
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Annexesa2Comisión Nacional de Prev
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Annexesa2Disaster Management Center
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Annexesa2Experimental Climate Predi
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Annexesa2Instituto Nicaraguense de
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Annexesa2International Drought Info
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Annexesa2Musokotwane Environment Re
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Annexesa2Organization of Eastern Ca
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Annexesa2South Asian Association fo
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Annexesa2Unit for Sustainable Devel
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Annexesa3Annex 3aList of ACRONYMSAC
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Annexesa3CREDCRIDCSDCSDSCSIRCSTCSWC
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GEOGESIGFMCGHIGIEWSGISGLIDESGLO-DIS
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Annexesa3mMABMADERMANDISAMARNMATEMC
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Annexesa3SARCOFSARDCSARECSBOSCF-UKS
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Annexesa4Annex 4aBibliographyAbramo
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Annexesa4eDisaster Relief. Worldwid
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Annexesa4kKent,m lRandolph. 1987. A
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Annexesa4Thompson, C. 1993. Drought
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The International Strategy for Disa
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