A global review of disaster reduction initiatives - Welcome to the ...

The success of the WMO programmes illustratesthe economic and social benefits that arederived from an accurate global weather forecastingsystem. Studies show that the benefitsof weather forecasting do not stop at earlywarning of natural disasters. However, meteorologicaland hydrological services are stillundervalued in most countries even thoughthey constitute a building element of anynational disaster reduction strategy given theirimportance in early warning systems. Moreover,observations of weather phenomena gobeyond the immediate and seasonal forecastsdetermining daily human activity. Long-rangestudies of the stratosphere are crucial in understandingthe phenomenon of global change,including El Niño, climate change or thedepletion of the ozone layer. WMO scientificanalyses and warnings are instrumental inaddressing these issues and supporting multilateralenvironmental agreements.Selected application of disaster reduction measuresAn International Research Centre for the El NiñoPhenomenon (IRCEN, CIIFEN in Spanish) isbeing established in Guayaquil, Ecuador,under the auspices of the Government ofEcuador, ISDR and WMO. The Centre willbe a means to conduct a regional project thatwill address, inter alia, early warning systemsfor disaster loss reduction. It is conceived as acentre with global connections to other centres,but with a special focus on the Eastern EquatorialPacific and the western countries ofSouth America. Socio-economic benefits willbe derived from seasonal forecasts and ElNiño/La Niña warnings and advisories,which will be converted into informationproducts designed for disaster loss reductionpurposes and key socio-economic sectors,public health, agriculture, fisheries, watermanagement, energy production and use.The centre should be starting its operationsin September 2002.5Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF)UNEP through its Environment Assessment Programme for Asia and the Pacific (EAPAP), at the Asian Institute ofTechnology, Bangkok, is contributing to the establishment of an operational early warning system to monitor hazardsin the Hindu Kush Himalayan region. Through a project implemented in collaboration with the InternationalCentre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Nepal recently produced inventories of glaciers and glaciallakes in Bhutan and Nepal, specifying the potential risk lakes. Outputs of the project also included recommendationsfor the establishment of a system for monitoring potential risk lakes using remote sensing, GIS and strengtheningof national capabilities to implement an early warning system for GLOF hazards. Training of local expertswas also provided.Implementation of an early warning system in NepalFollowing panic created by the media in the summer of 1997 in the Rolwaling and Tama Koshi Valleys, HisMajesty’s Government of Nepal implemented an early warning system at the end of June 1997 to provide timelywarning to the people. An army and two police posts were established at appropriate locations and provided withhigh frequency (HF) radio transceivers, one post having a back-up set. Regular radio contacts were maintainedwith headquarters in Kathmandu. In addition, the posts were provided with satellite telephones. The disaster preventioncell at the Home Ministry was informed twice a day. In the event of a GLOF, Radio Nepal, the nationalbroadcaster, would broadcast a warning. Radio Nepal can be received in most places along the valleys that are atrisk.The GLOF early warning systemThe first flood warning system in Nepal was installed in May 1998 to warn the people living downstream fromTsho Rolpa Glacial Lake, in the potential GLOF affected areas along the Rolwaling and Tama Kosi Valleys aswell as at the Khimti Hydroelectric Project. The Department of Hydrology and Meteorology implemented theproject financed by the World Bank. The operation of the warning system has been satisfactory. The GLOFwarning system can be essentially divided into two general components: the GLOF sensing system, which detectsthe occurrence of a GLOF and initiates the warning process, and the downstream warning system, which conveys275