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Selected application of disaster reduction measures5Partners within the DFNK.Headed by the Geo-ForschungsZentrum Potsdam,14 organizations (e.g. universities,federal institutes, insuranceindustry) in Germany and Austriaare connected within thenetwork. The work is supportedby users from disaster protection,politics and economics.Source: Bruno Merz; JanaFriedrich, GeoforschungsZentrumPotsdam, 2002Rural networking supportCase: Mozambique – WFP - FAO –NGOs - UniversitiesA different form of partnership is required toaddress the vulnerabilities of rural environmentswhere most Mozambicans live in a precariousbalance between subsistence and desperation.Very small fluctuations in climatic conditions,localized flooding, or the outbreak of disease inneighbouring villages can plunge a normally stablefamily economy into severe difficulty. Toidentify these most vulnerable populations, apartnership has been formed in a VulnerabilityAnalysis Group (VAG). Chaired by the government’sDepartment of Early Warning and FoodSecurity (DAPSA), the programme includes theparticipation of WFP and the Division of Nutritionin the Ministry of Health working togetherwith local communities to conduct research intochronic vulnerability. The joint initiative has providedanalysis of nutritional indicators for theevaluation of chronic vulnerability and has compileddetailed profiles of food security conditionsin virtually all districts of the country.A number of other partners have contributed torelated initiatives in this multi-disciplinary effort.FAO has provided funding to monitor foodstocks in the country. In a complementary initiative,an Agricultural Markets Information System,managed by Michigan State University in theUSA, has been supported by USAID for nearlya decade, to research food security conditions,particularly in relation to rural markets andsmallholder cash crops. This programme is currentlydeveloping provincial price informationsystems that can promote the improved commercialisationof farm products.FEWSNET, an NGO also funded by USAID,works closely with VAG and has conducted severalstudies of local food economies, includingthose areas most affected by flooding in recentyears. The project operates in conjunction withthe University of Eduardo Mondlane in Maputo toproduce a Disaster Atlas for Mozambique that willmake disaster information and maps availableonline. An earlier initiative, AEDES, was originallyan emergency information system createdby Medecins sans Frontieres (MSF) during thedrought in 1992, but it gradually evolved into anational vulnerability information system.Case: Central America – USAID – EU - NGOsThe Central American Mitigation Initiative(CAMI) is an umbrella programme launched in2001 by OFDA/USAID, with US$ 12 millionbeing channeled through NGOs for disasterreduction activities over a three year period.IFRC and Red Cross Societies, the Corporate247
5Living with Risk: A global review of disaster reduction initiatives248Housing Foundation, CARE, Catholic Relief Services,and other agencies operating in the regionwill concentrate on local levels of involvement,principally in municipalities, to create mechanismsthat can motivate and involve further commitmentfrom national level institutions. Risk reduction isthe primary focus, and while preparedness and disasterresponse problems also are expected to beaddressed, they will be integrated into the overallperspectives of reducing risks.One of the more innovative CAMI projects isconducted by CARE International with partnersin Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Honduras.With an overall budget of more than US$3.5 million and support coming from OFDA, theCanadian International Development Agency(CIDA) and CARE-USA, the project will providetraining and technical support to develop arange of risk reduction activities in core municipalitiesin different high-risk zones of the fourcountries. The project strives to accomplish atrickle down effect among neighbouring communitiesby using people trained in the core municipalities.Benefiting from its association with LARED which provided technical and advisory supportfor the project, CARE expects to fashion itsother development projects in the region withmore attention given to risk reduction.During a recent drought in El Salvador, smallgrants were provided for severely affected populationgroups to develop pilot Integral SustainableProduction Units. These ISP units promote cropdiversification, foster improvements in commercialpractices, and create opportunities for improvedfood storage by utilizing crop techniques that areenvironmentally friendly. Based on the initial experiencewith this project, CARE-France presented aproposal to the EU to finance similar schemes intwo other departments of the country, to improvethe food security of 1,000 extremely poor families.Both projects are based on the participation of thepopulation working through collective schemesusing common lands to minimize their risks. Thisapproach represents an alternative to the relianceon emergency food relief.Networking support for communitypartnershipsIn the beginning of IDNDR a group of socialscientists, NGOs and people interested in thesocial dimensions of risk reduction in LatinAmerica got together in 1992 to constitute LaRed de Estudios Sociales en Prevención de Desastresen América Latina (LA RED – The Latin AmericanNetwork for the Social Study of Disaster Prevention).It was initially conceived as a mechanismto facilitate comparative research of naturaldisasters from a social perspective. It has developedinto the focal point for hundreds of individualsand institutions working in the field ofdisaster and risk management in the differentcountries of Latin America and the Caribbean.Inspired by LA RED, a similar network in SouthAsia has been organized by people committed topromoting alternative perspectives on disaster andvulnerability as a basis for disaster mitigation inthe region. Duryog Nivaran (“disaster mitigation”in Sanskrit) aims to reduce the vulnerability ofcommunities to disasters and conflicts by integratingalternative perspectives in the conceptual, policyand implementation levels of disaster mitigationand development programmes.In 1997, Periperi, a network of “partners enhancingresilience for people exposed to risks”, wasestablished by the Disaster Mitigation for SustainableLivelihoods Programme (DiMP), Universityof Cape Town, with the support ofOFDA/USAID and DFID. Originally composedof 16 different organisations from fiveSouthern African countries, Periperi providesopportunities for a diverse range of organizationsto work together across disciplines and nationalborders, to integrate risk reduction principles andtechnologies into ongoing sustainable developmentpolicy.Case: Guatemala – GermanyThe Peten department of Guatemala contains oneof the largest tropical forest reserves in LatinAmerica. The occurrence of uncontrolled forestfires during the annual dry season endanger thelivelihood of the local population and has lead tolarge-scale impoverishment and destruction offorest ecosystems and biodiversity in northernGuatemala. The government of Guatemala hasembarked on a major programme to promote fireprevention and more effective means to combatthem when they do occur. The programme issupervised by the influential authority of the ExecutiveSecretary of the Presidency and involves theparticipation of several other governmental institutionsusing their own resources.
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DLiving with RiskA global review of
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Bastien Affeltranger, FranceTom Alc
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IntroductionThis is a preliminary v
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“Imagine all the people…”It w
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Eruption of Mount Agung, Bali, Indo
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Living with risk - focus on disaste
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The shift towards disaster reductio
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Taking these developments into acco
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Disaster risk reduction - a sharedr
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A disaster is a function of the ris
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Disaster risk management and reduct
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Chapter2Risk awareness and assessme
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Understanding the nature of hazards
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Risk awareness and assessment2Map-
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The figure below illustrates the fo
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Trends in disaster impactWhile no c
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Trends in hazardsUntil recently, th
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Risk awareness and assessment2Nyira
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Risk awareness and assessment2ISDR
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Risk awareness and assessment2Reduc
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Risk awareness and assessment2Wildl
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Risk awareness and assessment2Prima
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Risk awareness and assessment215 la
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dering external debts that constitu
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The identification of hazards usual
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consideration about the nature of i
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Risk awareness and assessment2Bern
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Risk awareness and assessment2THE P
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Risk awareness and assessment2The R
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Risk awareness and assessment2Ecoci
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Chapter3Policy and public commitmen
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Policy and public commitment: the f
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Policy frameworks in practiceAsiaDi
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process that emphasizes the partici
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announced the creation of the Offic
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established with necessary legislat
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Key policy proposals contained in t
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Under the mandate of the CTGC, a se
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Following recommendations, the city
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underway to upgrade the Swiss Natio
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damage to introducing means that ca
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The last earthquake to devastate Ka
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• Formulating distinctive risk re
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AfricaSouthern AfricaPolicy and pub
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y the conduct of monthly meetings d
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develop closer working relationship
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mechanisms among SAARC countries fo
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ients as unencumbered assistance. A
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able outcomes within individual Pac
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EuropeWestern EuropeResearch is one
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http://europa.eu.int/comm/environme
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ter. By working together with commu
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ing socio-economic considerations w
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Case: Central American countries,co
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experience of National Societies of
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Chapter4Building understanding: dev
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Building understanding: development
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International scope of informationT
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environmental changes, including el
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Regional initiativesRegional inform
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North AmericaThe Natural Hazards Re
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EuropeA different type of informati
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created a more readily understood c
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Technical information service conve
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ole in defining these future requir
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A second initiative to disseminate
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support, contribute to the establis
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issues, climatic uncertainty, chang
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anism that has been exploited to on
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preparedness are frequently attribu
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Institutional basis to transmit exp
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lic information must necessarily in
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information including links to many
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ized a workshop with the support of
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6Living with Risk: A global review
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Annexesa1Annex 1Terminology: Basic
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Emergency management involves the p
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Recovery (rehabilitation and recons
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Annexesa2Annex 2Directory: Internat
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Annexesa2Business and Industry Coun
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Annexesa2Comisión Nacional de Prev
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Annexesa2Disaster Management Center
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Annexesa2Experimental Climate Predi
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Annexesa2Instituto Nicaraguense de
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Annexesa2International Drought Info
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Annexesa2Musokotwane Environment Re
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Annexesa2Organization of Eastern Ca
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Annexesa2South Asian Association fo
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Annexesa2Unit for Sustainable Devel
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Annexesa3Annex 3aList of ACRONYMSAC
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Annexesa3CREDCRIDCSDCSDSCSIRCSTCSWC
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GEOGESIGFMCGHIGIEWSGISGLIDESGLO-DIS
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Annexesa3mMABMADERMANDISAMARNMATEMC
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Annexesa3SARCOFSARDCSARECSBOSCF-UKS
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Annexesa4Annex 4aBibliographyAbramo
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Annexesa4eDisaster Relief. Worldwid
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Annexesa4kKent,m lRandolph. 1987. A
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Annexesa4Thompson, C. 1993. Drought
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The International Strategy for Disa
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