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Selected application of disaster reduction measures55.4 Networking and partnershipsObjective of ISDR:To stimulate multidisciplinaryand inter-sectoralpartnerships and expandrisk reduction networks byengaging public participationat all stages of the implementationof the ISDR.Comprehensive disaster risk reduction covers a wide range of disciplines,sectors and institutions, calling for diverse and expandedforms of partnerships. The achievements from networking andresulting partnerships can be far more powerful than the total ofindividual or specialist contributions, alone. Thanks to Internetand global communications, the emergence of networks betweenofficials from government, the general public, private commercialsectors and professional bodies is technically easy. However, theseloose circles based on common interests, can only be successful ifparticipants share the same willingness, motivation, commitmentand desire to openly share information and experiences.Networks and partnerships, ranging from communication exchange networking to full fledgedand funded implementation partnerships, have great potential. This section is limited to describingsome concrete examples of existing ones.• Building links to reduce risk - extendedpartnerships and networking• Cross-sectoral coordination and collaboration• Technical and research networks• Multidisciplinary, networked relationships• Technical support for community partnerships• Commercial sector and partnership interestsPartnerships are formed through cooperation. Cooperationresults from the coordination of resources and abilities broughttogether through mutual respect, understanding and trust.Trust is a product of good working relationships between peopleand organizations. Good relationships and effective endeavoursgrow from time spent together in addressing commoninterests that yield mutual benefits.Building links to reduce risk - extendedpartnerships and networkingThe wide range of actors and diverse community,which deals with different aspects of disasterrisk management, is obvious throughoutthis report. One important challenge whichremains is to stimulate and develop ways onhow to link the various schools of thought,knowledge bases, key actors and stake-holdersrelevant to disaster risk reduction.Multi-disciplinary research, multi-sector policyand planning, multi-stakeholder participationand networking relevant organizations arefundamental, to address the many dimensionsin which risk reduction efforts are actualized.Benefits that accrue from such connectionsinclude improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness,a unified strategic framework for decisionmaking on issues of common concern,lessening duplication of efforts, as well as mandatingan appropriate division of responsibilities.Additionally, cutting edge knowledgefrom academic and research institutions can becross-linked to the practical initiatives undertakenby relevant organizations. Fostering theassociation of community groups with largerscale organizations will work towards ensuringthat a higher resolution of needs, capacities,cultural perceptions and traditional knowledgebecome more integrated in national, regionaland international initiatives.The spectrum of collaboration, processes andactivities goes from various ways of sharinginformation to joint research and integrateddatabases through to participatory strategicplanning and programming. The latter is themore difficult to achieve, but it isalso the moreeffective. Some examples of the ways in whichthis process is realized are:245
5Living with Risk: A global review of disaster reduction initiativescommunication networks/forums for dialogue;institutional partnerships vis a vis memorandumsof agreements between agenciesand organizations;formalized joint mandates, legislation,policies and plans within public authorities;multi-sector issue advisory groups;multi-disciplinary research projects;integrated databases;search conferences; andother participatory planning processes.Technical and research networksDisaster reduction and management requirecomprehensive knowledge about hazardousevents, the likelihood of the occurrence and thepossible impacts they can have on societies, aswell as the social, economic and environmentalimplications related to vulnerability. Germanyhas substantial scientific and technical capabilitiesin these areas. Two complementaryresearch networks have developed with the aimof using this experience to advance multi-disciplinaryapproaches to disaster research.In 1999, the German Committee for NaturalDisaster Reduction urged the creation of aCentre for Natural Risks and Development(ZENEB) (Zentrum für Naturrisiken undEntwicklung) to focus attention on sociologicalresearch about disasters in developingcountries. Organized as a network based inthe Universities of Bonn and Bayreuth, ZENEBinvolves people in Germany and from othercountries who share an interest in the relationshipsbetween national developmentissues and natural hazard risks in developingcountries. Within this professional network,general approaches to risk research in thecontext of sustainable development are examinedin depth, and individual investigationsand case studies are conducted in developingcountries. An interesting feature is the developmentof indicators to describe the relativerisks of different countries, where ZENEBhas been collaborating with UNDP. Anotherundertaking is the set up a database of thoseindicators that may be used to frame socio-economic early warning systems (seewww.zeneb.de).Focusing more on natural hazard knowledge inthe disaster equation, the German researchinstitutions have formed the German ResearchNetwork for Natural Disasters (DFNK)(Deutsches Forschungsnetz Naturkatastrophen).The goal of the network is to provide the scientificfundamentals of advanced risk managementassociated with natural hazards and tomake that knowledge more widely available forusers. Realistic scenarios are developed to estimatecurrent levels of risk and the dynamicfeatures of future risk due to global change insuch areas as climate variability, increasingdensity of population and changing land usevalues in endangered areas. This informationcan be used for early warning purposes, in supportof decision-support systems in disastermanagement, and for developing greaterunderstanding of the issues among both politicalauthorities and the public.The 14 partner institutions shown in the figurebelow and the projects of the network aregrouped into five clusters: storm risk assessment,flood risk assessment, earthquake riskassessment, forest fire simulation system, anddatabases and information systems. The jointuser-oriented research requires close collaborationamong the different clusters, which isaided by the information cluster. This providesdata, synthesizes information and applies toolsfor higher-level information systems such asclearing house functions, data warehousingand near-real time transmission.The city of Cologne was chosen as the initialarea of interest for the combined assessment offloods, earthquakes and storms. The respectiveclusters apply extensive data sets, analyticaltechniques and simulation models to risk estimationprocesses so that current risks can bedepicted, future risks detected, and safety recommendationsmade. A second regionalemphasis has been placed on the Brandenburgregion with Berlin as an adjacent focal point.There, the forest fire simulation cluster is monitoringthe hazard, using simulations, anddeveloping an early warning system.246
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DLiving with RiskA global review of
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Bastien Affeltranger, FranceTom Alc
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IntroductionThis is a preliminary v
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“Imagine all the people…”It w
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Eruption of Mount Agung, Bali, Indo
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Living with risk - focus on disaste
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The shift towards disaster reductio
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Taking these developments into acco
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Disaster risk reduction - a sharedr
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A disaster is a function of the ris
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Disaster risk management and reduct
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Chapter2Risk awareness and assessme
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Understanding the nature of hazards
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Risk awareness and assessment2Map-
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The figure below illustrates the fo
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Trends in disaster impactWhile no c
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Trends in hazardsUntil recently, th
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Risk awareness and assessment2Nyira
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Risk awareness and assessment2ISDR
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Risk awareness and assessment2Reduc
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Risk awareness and assessment2Wildl
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Risk awareness and assessment2Prima
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Risk awareness and assessment215 la
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dering external debts that constitu
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The identification of hazards usual
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consideration about the nature of i
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Risk awareness and assessment2Bern
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Risk awareness and assessment2THE P
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Risk awareness and assessment2The R
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Risk awareness and assessment2Ecoci
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Chapter3Policy and public commitmen
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Policy and public commitment: the f
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Policy frameworks in practiceAsiaDi
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process that emphasizes the partici
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announced the creation of the Offic
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established with necessary legislat
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Key policy proposals contained in t
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Under the mandate of the CTGC, a se
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Following recommendations, the city
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underway to upgrade the Swiss Natio
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damage to introducing means that ca
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The last earthquake to devastate Ka
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• Formulating distinctive risk re
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AfricaSouthern AfricaPolicy and pub
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y the conduct of monthly meetings d
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develop closer working relationship
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mechanisms among SAARC countries fo
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ients as unencumbered assistance. A
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able outcomes within individual Pac
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EuropeWestern EuropeResearch is one
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http://europa.eu.int/comm/environme
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ter. By working together with commu
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ing socio-economic considerations w
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Case: Central American countries,co
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experience of National Societies of
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Chapter4Building understanding: dev
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Building understanding: development
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International scope of informationT
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environmental changes, including el
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Regional initiativesRegional inform
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North AmericaThe Natural Hazards Re
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EuropeA different type of informati
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created a more readily understood c
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Technical information service conve
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ole in defining these future requir
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A second initiative to disseminate
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support, contribute to the establis
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issues, climatic uncertainty, chang
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anism that has been exploited to on
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preparedness are frequently attribu
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Institutional basis to transmit exp
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lic information must necessarily in
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information including links to many
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Annexesa1Annex 1Terminology: Basic
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Emergency management involves the p
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Recovery (rehabilitation and recons
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Annexesa2Annex 2Directory: Internat
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Annexesa2Business and Industry Coun
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Annexesa2Comisión Nacional de Prev
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Annexesa2Disaster Management Center
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Annexesa2Experimental Climate Predi
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Annexesa2Instituto Nicaraguense de
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Annexesa2International Drought Info
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Annexesa2Musokotwane Environment Re
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Annexesa2Organization of Eastern Ca
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Annexesa2South Asian Association fo
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Annexesa2Unit for Sustainable Devel
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Annexesa3Annex 3aList of ACRONYMSAC
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Annexesa3CREDCRIDCSDCSDSCSIRCSTCSWC
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GEOGESIGFMCGHIGIEWSGISGLIDESGLO-DIS
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Annexesa3mMABMADERMANDISAMARNMATEMC
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Annexesa3SARCOFSARDCSARECSBOSCF-UKS
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Annexesa4Annex 4aBibliographyAbramo
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Annexesa4eDisaster Relief. Worldwid
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Annexesa4kKent,m lRandolph. 1987. A
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Annexesa4Thompson, C. 1993. Drought
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The International Strategy for Disa
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