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Related international commitments and the UN role in disaster risk reduction6United Nations SecretariatThe United Nations Secretariat, headed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, servicesthe General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council, and administers theprogrammes and policies laid down by them.ISDR, placed under the direct authority of the Under-Secretary-General for HumanitarianAffairs, is the only entity within the Secretariat entirely dedicated to disaster reduction. TheOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the Department of Economic and SocialAffairs (DESA) and the secretariats of the regional commissions consider disaster reduction inrelation to their mandated activities. The United Nations Centre for Regional Development(UNCRD) also performs specific disaster reduction-related activities, in particular in its DisasterManagement Planning Hyogo Office in Kobe, Japan.The Inter-Agency Secretariat of theInternational Strategy for Disaster Reduction(UN/ISDR)Comprehensive information on the ISDRsecretariat can be found in the section onISDR (see pages 19- 20).ISDR secretariatPalais des NationsCH-1211 Geneva 10, SwitzerlandTel: (+41-22) 917 2759Fax: (+41-22) 917 0563E-mail: isdr@un.orgWeb site: www.unisdr.orgOffice for the Coordination ofHumanitarian Affairs (OCHA)Formerly Department of Humanitarian Affairs(DHA), which in turn had replaced UNDROin 1992, OCHA is led by the Under-Secretary-Generalfor Humanitarian Affairs/EmergencyRelief Coordinator and located in NewYork and Geneva. OCHA aims at alleviatinghuman suffering by facilitating internationalcoordination for the effective and efficientdelivery of assistance to victims of natural andman-made disasters. While concentrating onthe response side of disasters, OCHA alsopromotes preparedness and prevention effortsto reduce vulnerability to natural disasters andassists the operational humanitarian agencies indeveloping common policies to improve planning,preparedness and response to naturaldisasters, particularly for protracted disasterssuch as drought. In this respect, the ResponseCoordination Branch (RCB) as well as the EmergencyServices Branch (ESB) collaborate closelywith UNDP and other relevant UnitedNations and non-United Nations programmesand agencies on activities such as improvinglinks with national authorities, implementinglessons learned and/or organizing seminars todiscuss coordination mechanisms. Moreover,the ISDR Secretariat in Geneva, OCHA andUNDP maintain periodic working meetingsto share information and engage in commonplans and activities related to disaster reduction.Working with the resident coordinator,the United Nations country team and throughits regional disaster response advisers, OCHAmaintains close contact with countries prone tonatural disasters before and between crises. TheRegional Disaster Response Advisers providetechnical, strategic and training assistance toGovernments, United Nations agencies andregional organizations in order to improvenatural disaster planning, response and postemergencyreconstruction efforts. Desk officersbased in Geneva monitor for each regionweather conditions, earthquake bulletins andthe news services for potential natural disastersas well as environmental and technologicalemergencies. The United Nations DisasterAssessment and Coordination (UNDAC) team isa stand-by instrument composed of nationalprofessionals drawn from Governments and/oragencies from around the globe and mobilizedwithin 24 hours to assist affected countries andthe United Nations resident coordinators inassessing damage and preparing recommendationsfor adequate support often including303
6Living with Risk: A global review of disaster reduction initiatives304actions towards disaster reduction. Administeredby OCHA, ReliefWeb (www.reliefweb.int)is an online source of information on humanitarianemergencies, including useful tools anddocumentation for disaster prevention such astime-critical situation reports, maps and financialcontribution tracking, searchable archivesof over 150,000 emergency response documentsand 15,000 links to country-specificbackground information. The Inter-AgencyStanding Committee (IASC), chaired by theUnder-Secretary General for HumanitarianAffairs/Emergency Relief Coordinator, bringstogether a wide range of United Nations andnon-United Nations humanitarian partners,including agencies, NGOs, and internationalorganizations such the Red Cross and RedCrescent Movement, to facilitate inter-agencydecision-making on the response to complexemergencies and natural disasters.Office for the Coordination ofHumanitarian AffairsUnited NationsSecretariat BuildingNew York, NY 10017United StatesTel: (+1-212) 963 8528Fax: (+1-212) 963 9489Palais des Nations,CH-1211 Geneva 10, SwitzerlandTel: (+41-22) 917 2160Fax: (+41-22) 917 0020E-mail: ochagva@un.orgWeb site: www.reliefweb.intDepartment of Economic and Social Affairs(UN/DESA)This department is led by the Under-Secretary-Generalfor Economic and Social Affairsand is located in New York. The predecessorto DESA, the Department of Policy Coordinationand Sustainable Development, was createdas a result of the Earth Summit, held in Rio in1992. The DESA multidimensional programmepromotes broad-based and sustainabledevelopment through an integrated approachto economic, social, environmental, populationand gender-related aspects of development.The Department serves as the secretariat forthe Commission on Sustainable Developmentand is currently organizing the World Summiton Sustainable Development (Johannesburg,26 August-4 September 2002). The functionsof DESA include normative work, coordinationand policy advisory services supplementedby research and training. DESA activities areguided by the programmes and platforms ofaction adopted by major United Nationsconferences and summits, as well as theEconomic and Social Council machinery.Several divisions of the Department areconcerned with disaster reduction, particularlythe Division for Sustainable Development (DSD)with its Water, Natural Resources and SmallIslands Branch and the Division for theAdvancement of Women (DAW).Division for Sustainable Development: Themission of DSD is to facilitate the implementationof Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration onEnvironment and Development, the NonlegallyBinding Authoritative Statement ofPrinciples for a Global Consensus on theManagement, Conservation and SustainableDevelopment of All Types of Forests (alsoknown as the Forest Principles), and the GlobalProgramme of Action for SustainableDevelopment of Small Island DevelopingStates (SIDS). The Division carries out multiyearwork programmes on sustainable developmentindicators, with interest in expandingthe work on disaster reduction indicators.DSD provides substantive services to theEconomic and Social Council functionalcommission CSD. As such, it serves as thesecretariat for the World Summit on SustainableDevelopment. CSD was created inDecember 1992 and has 53 members forterms of office of three years. Its function is tofollow up on the Earth Summits.United NationsDepartment of Economic and Social AffairsDivision for Sustainable DevelopmentUnited Nations Plaza, Room DC2-2220New York, NY 10017, United StatesTel: (+1-212) 963 3170Fax: (+1-212) 963 4260E-mail: dsd@un.orgWeb sites: www.un.org/esa/sustdev/dsd.htmwww.johannesburgsummit.orgwww.sidsnet.org
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DLiving with RiskA global review of
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Bastien Affeltranger, FranceTom Alc
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IntroductionThis is a preliminary v
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“Imagine all the people…”It w
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Eruption of Mount Agung, Bali, Indo
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Living with risk - focus on disaste
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The shift towards disaster reductio
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Taking these developments into acco
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Disaster risk reduction - a sharedr
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A disaster is a function of the ris
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Disaster risk management and reduct
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Chapter2Risk awareness and assessme
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Understanding the nature of hazards
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Risk awareness and assessment2Map-
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The figure below illustrates the fo
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Trends in disaster impactWhile no c
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Trends in hazardsUntil recently, th
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Risk awareness and assessment2Nyira
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Risk awareness and assessment2ISDR
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Risk awareness and assessment2Reduc
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Risk awareness and assessment2Wildl
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Risk awareness and assessment2Prima
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Risk awareness and assessment215 la
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dering external debts that constitu
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The identification of hazards usual
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consideration about the nature of i
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Risk awareness and assessment2Bern
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Risk awareness and assessment2THE P
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Risk awareness and assessment2The R
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Risk awareness and assessment2Ecoci
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Chapter3Policy and public commitmen
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Policy and public commitment: the f
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Policy frameworks in practiceAsiaDi
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process that emphasizes the partici
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announced the creation of the Offic
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established with necessary legislat
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Key policy proposals contained in t
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Under the mandate of the CTGC, a se
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Following recommendations, the city
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underway to upgrade the Swiss Natio
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damage to introducing means that ca
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The last earthquake to devastate Ka
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• Formulating distinctive risk re
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AfricaSouthern AfricaPolicy and pub
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y the conduct of monthly meetings d
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develop closer working relationship
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mechanisms among SAARC countries fo
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ients as unencumbered assistance. A
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able outcomes within individual Pac
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EuropeWestern EuropeResearch is one
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http://europa.eu.int/comm/environme
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ter. By working together with commu
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ing socio-economic considerations w
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Case: Central American countries,co
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experience of National Societies of
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Chapter4Building understanding: dev
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Building understanding: development
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International scope of informationT
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environmental changes, including el
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Regional initiativesRegional inform
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North AmericaThe Natural Hazards Re
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EuropeA different type of informati
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created a more readily understood c
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Technical information service conve
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ole in defining these future requir
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A second initiative to disseminate
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support, contribute to the establis
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issues, climatic uncertainty, chang
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anism that has been exploited to on
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preparedness are frequently attribu
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Institutional basis to transmit exp
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lic information must necessarily in
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information including links to many
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ized a workshop with the support of
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nication remains the local language
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In 2001, government officials, ADRC
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challengesFuture challenges and pri
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Chapter5A selection of disasterredu
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5Living with Risk: A global review
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Page 255 and 256: 5Living with Risk: A global review
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Page 340 and 341: Annexesa1Annex 1Terminology: Basic
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Annexesa2Instituto Nicaraguense de
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Annexesa2International Drought Info
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Annexesa2Musokotwane Environment Re
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Annexesa2Organization of Eastern Ca
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Annexesa2South Asian Association fo
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Annexesa2Unit for Sustainable Devel
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Annexesa3Annex 3aList of ACRONYMSAC
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Annexesa3CREDCRIDCSDCSDSCSIRCSTCSWC
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GEOGESIGFMCGHIGIEWSGISGLIDESGLO-DIS
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Annexesa3mMABMADERMANDISAMARNMATEMC
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Annexesa3SARCOFSARDCSARECSBOSCF-UKS
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Annexesa4Annex 4aBibliographyAbramo
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Annexesa4eDisaster Relief. Worldwid
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Annexesa4kKent,m lRandolph. 1987. A
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Annexesa4Thompson, C. 1993. Drought
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The International Strategy for Disa
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