A global review of disaster reduction initiatives - Welcome to the ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Selected application of disaster reduction measures5Different perspectives of hazard-resistant building codes(only slightly exaggerated)A seismologist usually criticizes the stipulations of existing building codes that were preparedseveral years before because there is later evidence, which suggests redefinition of the earthquakehazard.Engineers want to incorporate their recent research findings and press for stricter buildingcodes. They are less concerned with stronger buildings themselves than with the adoption oftheir professional endeavours.An investor or owner of a building does not want to spend the additional 2-5 per cent of thebuilding cost to provide additional hazard risk protection for an extreme event that “probablywill not happen, anyway”.Contractors cannot be bothered with extraneous regulations and troublesome buildinginspectors, especially if their demands are going to reduce the profit margin of the construction.The government has not been able to implement even the existing building code because ofthe lack of suitable implementation mechanisms, including building inspectors.Decision-makers are afraid that the implementation of building codes may result in costincreases. They do not press implementation of building codes even for public construction.Public administrators are preoccupied with other pressing or important matters.Politicians do not risk diminishing their popularity, as the enforcement of codes is consideredto be an unpopular and restrictive process of control. Besides, there are other importantaspects of the construction industry to attend to, like contracts.The community does not understand the process and is confused, especially after a disaster.The media recognizes a controversial topic when it sees one, particularly if people have beenkilled as a result.None of the primary stakeholders seems to be discussing the problem in any common forum.So, more vulnerable buildings continue to be built…What is required to break this cycle ?Courtesy of the Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre, Bangkok, Thailand.“In Turkey, it is the national authorities that enact legal frameworks for disaster reduction. Inthe area of land-use planning and building code enforcement, responsibility lies with the localgovernments. Many deficiencies exist in both because local governments lack the necessarytechnical manpower for effective enforcement, and short-term populist tendencies are strongat that level. Unfortunately, the university curricula in these disciplines does not make explicitreference to disaster reducing concepts and measures.”Turkey response to ISDR questionnaire, 2001239
5Living with Risk: A global review of disaster reduction initiatives“Yes, we have building codes and related regulations, but …”“The Federated States of Micronesia have passed building code laws and regulations but have not fullyimplemented the codes due to difficulties in meeting the financial requirements called for in the building codelaws.”Micronesia response to ISDR questionnaire, 2001“One of the most important issues to be addressed in Zimbabwe is the enforcement of laws and regulationsthat relate to building by-laws and the conservation of natural resources, such as stream bank cultivation,deforestation etc., causing the siltation of rivers and dams.”Zimbabwe response to ISDR questionnaire, 2001“One of the most important issues to be addressed in India is the strict implementation of laws includingbuilding codes.”India response to ISDR questionnaire, 2001“Building codes and other regulations are in existence, however the issue is enforcement. The matter is underdiscussion at various forums within Bangladesh, and the government is actively considering this issue.”Bangladesh response to ISDR questionnaire, 2001“The Cook Islands Building Control Unit has been stepped up to improve compliance with building codesand enforcement procedures by the introduction of experienced personnel drawn from commercial buildingconstruction.”Cook Islands response to ISDR questionnaire, 2001their applicability and affordability. Land use,planning and construction standards are mostoften decided upon and enforced at the locallevel. Promoting a culture of prevention withinlocal authorities and communities must thereforebe the central focus of any national disasterrisk management strategy. The applicationof mechanisms and tools for enforcing existingbuilding codes and zoning by-laws must becentral to this effort.For some years, South Africa has enforced legislationpertaining to building codes and constructionwithin vulnerable areas, such as thosebased on a 50-year flood line. Recently theCouncil for Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR) published the Red Book, which stipulatesguidelines for the planning and design ofhuman settlements. The planning and managementof informal settlements are receivingincreased attention from all levels of governmentas well as a greater focus in the offeringsof tertiary educational qualifications. Theestablishment of economically, physically, environmentallyand socially integrated and sustainablebuilt environments is one of the mostimportant factors which will contribute to harnessingthe full development potential of SouthAfrica and addressing the needs of its growingpopulation.Experience demonstrates that there is a need toestablish a system of planning controls andbuilding by-laws that are:Realistic, given economic, environmentalor technological constraints.Relevant to current building practice andtechnology.Regularly updated in the light of developmentsin current knowledge.Fully understood and accepted by the professionalinterests that relate to the legislation.Enforced, to avoid the legislative systembeing ignored or falling into disrepute.Adhered to, with laws and controls basedmore on a system of incentives rather thanon punishment.Fully integrated in a legal system thatoperates without conflict between the differentlevels of administration and government.240
Page 1:
DLiving with RiskA global review of
Page 5 and 6:
Bastien Affeltranger, FranceTom Alc
Page 7:
IntroductionThis is a preliminary v
Page 10:
“Imagine all the people…”It w
Page 13:
Eruption of Mount Agung, Bali, Indo
Page 16 and 17:
Living with risk - focus on disaste
Page 18 and 19:
The shift towards disaster reductio
Page 20 and 21:
Taking these developments into acco
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Disaster risk reduction - a sharedr
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
A disaster is a function of the ris
Page 30 and 31:
Disaster risk management and reduct
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Chapter2Risk awareness and assessme
Page 46 and 47:
Understanding the nature of hazards
Page 48 and 49:
Risk awareness and assessment2Map-
Page 50 and 51:
The figure below illustrates the fo
Page 52 and 53:
Trends in disaster impactWhile no c
Page 54 and 55:
Trends in hazardsUntil recently, th
Page 56 and 57:
Risk awareness and assessment2Nyira
Page 58 and 59:
Risk awareness and assessment2ISDR
Page 60 and 61:
Risk awareness and assessment2Reduc
Page 62 and 63:
Risk awareness and assessment2Wildl
Page 64 and 65:
Risk awareness and assessment2Prima
Page 66 and 67:
Risk awareness and assessment215 la
Page 68 and 69:
dering external debts that constitu
Page 70 and 71:
The identification of hazards usual
Page 72 and 73:
consideration about the nature of i
Page 74 and 75:
Risk awareness and assessment2Bern
Page 76 and 77:
Risk awareness and assessment2THE P
Page 78 and 79:
Risk awareness and assessment2The R
Page 80 and 81:
Risk awareness and assessment2Ecoci
Page 82 and 83:
Chapter3Policy and public commitmen
Page 84 and 85:
Policy and public commitment: the f
Page 86 and 87:
Policy frameworks in practiceAsiaDi
Page 88 and 89:
process that emphasizes the partici
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
announced the creation of the Offic
Page 96 and 97:
established with necessary legislat
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Key policy proposals contained in t
Page 102 and 103:
Under the mandate of the CTGC, a se
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Following recommendations, the city
Page 110 and 111:
underway to upgrade the Swiss Natio
Page 112 and 113:
damage to introducing means that ca
Page 114 and 115:
The last earthquake to devastate Ka
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
• Formulating distinctive risk re
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
AfricaSouthern AfricaPolicy and pub
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
y the conduct of monthly meetings d
Page 128 and 129:
develop closer working relationship
Page 130 and 131:
mechanisms among SAARC countries fo
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
ients as unencumbered assistance. A
Page 138 and 139:
able outcomes within individual Pac
Page 140 and 141:
EuropeWestern EuropeResearch is one
Page 142 and 143:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/environme
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
ter. By working together with commu
Page 150 and 151:
ing socio-economic considerations w
Page 152 and 153:
Case: Central American countries,co
Page 154 and 155:
experience of National Societies of
Page 156 and 157:
Chapter4Building understanding: dev
Page 158 and 159:
Building understanding: development
Page 160 and 161:
International scope of informationT
Page 162 and 163:
environmental changes, including el
Page 164 and 165:
Regional initiativesRegional inform
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
North AmericaThe Natural Hazards Re
Page 170 and 171:
EuropeA different type of informati
Page 172 and 173:
created a more readily understood c
Page 174 and 175:
Technical information service conve
Page 176 and 177:
ole in defining these future requir
Page 178 and 179:
A second initiative to disseminate
Page 180 and 181:
support, contribute to the establis
Page 182 and 183:
issues, climatic uncertainty, chang
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
anism that has been exploited to on
Page 188 and 189:
preparedness are frequently attribu
Page 190 and 191:
Institutional basis to transmit exp
Page 192 and 193: lic information must necessarily in
Page 194 and 195: information including links to many
Page 196 and 197: Building understanding: development
Page 198 and 199: ized a workshop with the support of
Page 200 and 201: nication remains the local language
Page 202 and 203: In 2001, government officials, ADRC
Page 204 and 205: challengesFuture challenges and pri
Page 206: Chapter5A selection of disasterredu
Page 209 and 210: 5Living with Risk: A global review
Page 241: 5Living with Risk: A global review
Page 289 and 290: Photo: G. Berz, Munich Re
Page 293 and 294:
6Living with Risk: A global review
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Photo: ISDR Secretariat
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 340 and 341:
Annexesa1Annex 1Terminology: Basic
Page 342 and 343:
Emergency management involves the p
Page 344 and 345:
Recovery (rehabilitation and recons
Page 346 and 347:
Annexesa2Annex 2Directory: Internat
Page 348 and 349:
Annexesa2Business and Industry Coun
Page 350 and 351:
Annexesa2Comisión Nacional de Prev
Page 352 and 353:
Annexesa2Disaster Management Center
Page 354 and 355:
Annexesa2Experimental Climate Predi
Page 356 and 357:
Annexesa2Instituto Nicaraguense de
Page 358 and 359:
Annexesa2International Drought Info
Page 360 and 361:
Annexesa2Musokotwane Environment Re
Page 362 and 363:
Annexesa2Organization of Eastern Ca
Page 364 and 365:
Annexesa2South Asian Association fo
Page 366 and 367:
Annexesa2Unit for Sustainable Devel
Page 368 and 369:
Annexesa3Annex 3aList of ACRONYMSAC
Page 370 and 371:
Annexesa3CREDCRIDCSDCSDSCSIRCSTCSWC
Page 372 and 373:
GEOGESIGFMCGHIGIEWSGISGLIDESGLO-DIS
Page 374 and 375:
Annexesa3mMABMADERMANDISAMARNMATEMC
Page 376 and 377:
Annexesa3SARCOFSARDCSARECSBOSCF-UKS
Page 378 and 379:
Annexesa4Annex 4aBibliographyAbramo
Page 380 and 381:
Annexesa4eDisaster Relief. Worldwid
Page 382 and 383:
Annexesa4kKent,m lRandolph. 1987. A
Page 384 and 385:
Annexesa4Thompson, C. 1993. Drought
Page 386 and 387:
The International Strategy for Disa
show all

A global review of disaster reduction initiatives - Welcome to the ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?