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EuropeA different type of informationis provided by the BenfieldGreig Hazard Research Centre(BGHRC) located at UniversityCollege, London, in theUnited Kingdom. This centrehas been recognized as a modelof productive public-private collaboration inextending the availability and wider exposureof information about disaster risk reduction. Ithas the primary objective of providing a meansto transfer advanced natural hazard and riskresearch, practice and innovation from the academicenvironment to the business world, governmentand international agencies. The intellectualproducts of BGHRC and CranfieldUniversity of the UK fall into the two categoriesof strategic research about natural hazardsand the processes that drive them, andmore specific applied studies targeted at reducingthe impact of natural hazards on society.There are also plans to publish a series of topicalpapers, "Issues in risk science", summarizingand promoting new research about naturalhazards and associated risks, disaster managementand related issues. Current informationsupplied by the Centre for disaster managementprofessionals and the public includes thequarterly newsletter Alert and a series of workingpapers on disaster management that waslaunched in 2001. Individual projects haveBuilding understanding: development of knowledge and information sharingyielded their own materials for wider circulation,such as the operational manuals CommunicationDuring Volcanic Emergencies andCorporate Social Responsibility and DisasterReduction.Additionally, by being able to draw on an enviablerange of hazards expertise from UniversityCollege, London and through its own extensiveresearch network, BGHRC provides publicinformation resources and media access to academics,research organizations and governmentinstitutions in the United Kingdom, throughoutEurope and internationally. This includesthe dissemination of professional analysis andobservations through an information serviceand the publication of event and post?lossreports that are all used widely by the media,including all the major United Kingdom radioand television news services and others inEurope, the United States and elsewhere.In France, PRIM.NET (www.prim.net) is aFrench educational multidisciplinary internetportal from the Ministry of land-use planningand environment (MATE) which promotesthe culture of natural and technological disasterprevention. It underlines the close relationshipbetween the human being and its naturalenvironment in the framework of sustainabledevelopment. It is a forum for teachers, studentsand citizens where they can find usefulinformation in French.4167
4Living with Risk: A global review of disaster reduction initiatives168Selected national information programmesTo varying degrees and with different intentions,individual countries have establishedtheir own distinctive approaches to institutionalizinginformation functions for disasterreduction. While recognizing that the informationneeds of countries vary and there are reasonsfor different emphases, there is nonethelessa growing recognition of the need to combinedifferent types of information that couldbe collected or maintained historically withinvarious departments or agencies. The examplesthat follow demonstrate some of the challengesthat countries have faced in gaining a clearunderstanding of their respective risk issuesand how four different countries are proceedingto update and consolidate the body of theirinformation for improved disaster risk reduction.In all of the cases cited, improved hazardand disaster risk information was an essentialprecursor to the further development of strategicnational disaster risk management programmes.Recognizing the similarities between these factors and thoserevealed by the LA RED DESINVENTAR database in LatinAmerica, the MANDISA disaster event database was conceivedwith the following considerations in mind:• Disaster incidents can occur at different scales, ranging fromhousehold to provincial and national levels;• Disaster risk is driven by the interaction between triggeringhazard factors and underlying conditions of social, economic,environmental and infrastructural vulnerability;• Disaster impacts can occur in different socio-economic sectorsor subject contexts, and therefore may be recorded in awide range of formats or institutional locations;• Disaster risk can be reduced by minimizing vulnerabilityideallythrough ongoing, practical initiatives that achievemultiple development objectives; and most fundamentally,• Public access to information about local patterns of disasterrisk is empowering and facilitates community participationin decision-making, thus strengthening opportunities forresponsive governance.South AfricaIn South Africa, the University of Cape Town'sDisaster Mitigation for Sustainable LivelihoodsProgramme (DiMP) has developed adisaster information management system forthe Monitoring, Mapping and Analysis ofDisaster Incidents in South Africa (MAN-DISA). The objective of the project, cofinancedby OFDA/USAID and DFID/UK,is to create a system that can document hazards,vulnerabilities and trends related to localizedsmall to medium-scale disaster incidentsand to organize that information for betterdecision-making. Despite an earlier fragmentedto non-existent information base causinglocalized events to be frequently overlooked,these smaller events are now considered to havedisproportionate impacts on already marginalizedcommunities. Moreover, as informationabout these disaster events is stored in differentgovernment services, it has been nearly impossibleto create a consolidated profile on municipaldisaster occurrence and losses-either bytype, location, consequences or over time.During 1999/2000 a team of researchers identifiedmore than a dozen sources concerningdisaster losses in Cape Town alone, containingmore than 10,000 records of disasters. Thiswas in glaring contrast to only 20-30 disastersthat had been officially declared during thesame period. One of the telling observations ofthe research was that, with the exception of twoelectronic sources, all other information wasconfined to paperbound materials. Such widelydistributed and often-incompatible sourcesof information highlight the challenges of creatingeffective, synthesized disaster informationsystems. This has made integrated disasterreduction planning virtually impossible.The information organized by the project is nowmaintained in a database and linked to a GISsystem, visible on a publicly accessible web site.Since the end of 2001 www.MANDISA.org.zahas been consolidating data on disaster eventsthat occurred in Cape Town between 1990 and1999 and has been displaying them with relatedinformation in tables, maps, graphs and photos.Users can interrogate the database online andgenerate additional information about trendsand patterns of disaster risk. It is anticipated thatthis will enable municipal planners and residentsalike to consider disaster risks more strategically,just as crime, public health, traffic incidentsand other forms of risk are considered to beimportant developmental priorities underlyingbroader aspects of basic human security.Improved access to additional information has
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DLiving with RiskA global review of
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Bastien Affeltranger, FranceTom Alc
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IntroductionThis is a preliminary v
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“Imagine all the people…”It w
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Eruption of Mount Agung, Bali, Indo
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Living with risk - focus on disaste
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The shift towards disaster reductio
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Taking these developments into acco
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Disaster risk reduction - a sharedr
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A disaster is a function of the ris
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Disaster risk management and reduct
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Chapter2Risk awareness and assessme
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Understanding the nature of hazards
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Risk awareness and assessment2Map-
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The figure below illustrates the fo
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Trends in disaster impactWhile no c
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Trends in hazardsUntil recently, th
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Risk awareness and assessment2Nyira
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Risk awareness and assessment2ISDR
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Risk awareness and assessment2Reduc
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Risk awareness and assessment2Wildl
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Risk awareness and assessment2Prima
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Risk awareness and assessment215 la
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dering external debts that constitu
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The identification of hazards usual
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consideration about the nature of i
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Risk awareness and assessment2Bern
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Risk awareness and assessment2THE P
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Risk awareness and assessment2The R
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Risk awareness and assessment2Ecoci
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Chapter3Policy and public commitmen
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Policy and public commitment: the f
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Policy frameworks in practiceAsiaDi
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process that emphasizes the partici
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announced the creation of the Offic
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established with necessary legislat
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Key policy proposals contained in t
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Under the mandate of the CTGC, a se
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Following recommendations, the city
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underway to upgrade the Swiss Natio
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damage to introducing means that ca
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The last earthquake to devastate Ka
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• Formulating distinctive risk re
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5Living with Risk: A global review
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Annexesa1Annex 1Terminology: Basic
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Emergency management involves the p
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Recovery (rehabilitation and recons
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Annexesa2Annex 2Directory: Internat
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Annexesa2Business and Industry Coun
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Annexesa2Comisión Nacional de Prev
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Annexesa2Disaster Management Center
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Annexesa2Experimental Climate Predi
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Annexesa2Instituto Nicaraguense de
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Annexesa2International Drought Info
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Annexesa2Musokotwane Environment Re
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Annexesa2Organization of Eastern Ca
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Annexesa2South Asian Association fo
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Annexesa2Unit for Sustainable Devel
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Annexesa3Annex 3aList of ACRONYMSAC
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Annexesa3CREDCRIDCSDCSDSCSIRCSTCSWC
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GEOGESIGFMCGHIGIEWSGISGLIDESGLO-DIS
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Annexesa3mMABMADERMANDISAMARNMATEMC
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Annexesa3SARCOFSARDCSARECSBOSCF-UKS
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Annexesa4Annex 4aBibliographyAbramo
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Annexesa4eDisaster Relief. Worldwid
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Annexesa4kKent,m lRandolph. 1987. A
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Annexesa4Thompson, C. 1993. Drought
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The International Strategy for Disa
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