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develop closer working relationships amongindividuals and institutions involved in disastermanagement policy and planning in the region.At the next phase, projects will be identifiedwhich can assist countries in documenting theprocesses involved, as well as highlighting bestpractices to disseminate for the benefit of awider audience.In a similar fashion, the Asian Disaster ReductionCenter (ADRC) has worked to foster cooperationamong countries in Asia. A multi-lateralorganization for disaster reduction based inKobe, Japan, ADRC is composed of 23 AsianMember Countries plus four additional AdvisoryCountries.By networking with focal points in each governmentand by facilitating the exchange of disasterrisk management information amongthem, it strives to identify their acute needs andcontributes towards the further development ofhuman resources dedicated to the subject inAsia. Beyond its immediate Member Countries,ADRC also works to strengthen networkingamong other relevant organizations workingwith disaster risk management in Asia, suchas UN-OCHA, UNCRD, ADPC, CREDand OFDA/USAID. It conducts studies andencourages research that will contribute to puttingdisaster management technologies to practicaluse. This includes coverage about the useof geographic information systems and satelliteinformation systems, as well as the introductionon its website of new products and techniquesthat are useful for disaster reduction such asanti-earthquake reinforcement, and methodsfor preventing landslides.ADRC has launched cooperative projects todevelop the disaster management capacities ofMember Countries, based on their respectiverequests. It provides financial and technicalsupport for selected activities, and then disseminatesthe outcomes and lessons from theprojects among its Member Countries and toother nations around the world. These programmesinclude the promotion of educationalprogrammes to develop disaster reductioncapacities, (community-based flood disastermitigation project in Indonesia, school educationalprogramme for disaster reduction in thePhilippines); activities that increase professionalskills for emergency search and rescuePolicy and public commitment: the foundation of disaster risk reduction(urban search and rescue training programmein Singapore); furthering the development anddissemination of technical knowledge by invitingvisiting researchers from Member Countriesto ADRC, and by conducting short-termvisitor training programmes.Regional cooperation is promoted by ADRC’smanagement of an information database onnatural disaster reduction in Asia. With a particularfocus on matters of legislation, disastermanagement, training and country reports,their website shares lessons for disaster reductionamong Asian countries. ADRC alsoorganizes international conferences and workshopsto discuss the status of disaster reductionactivities in Asia. In 2002, it held the FourthADRC International Meeting in New Delhi,co-organized by the governments of India andJapan, followed immediately by a second meetingof the same regional participants to discussISDR involvement in Asia. Later in the year,ADRC and OCHA jointly conducted theRegional Workshop on Networking and Collaborationamong NGOs of Asian Countries inDisaster Reduction and Response in Kobe,Japan.With common objectives but different emphasis,both ADPC and ADRC have cooperatedwith OCHA to organize consultative meetingsof regional institutions, UN agencies and multilateraldevelopment assistance organizations.The first meeting was held in Kathmandu in2001 and more recently in June 2002 anotherwas conducted in Bangkok. This second consultativemeeting focussed on the concepts ofTotal Disaster Risk Management and discussedemerging international partnerships forreduction of risk and vulnerability to naturalhazards with additional partners in the region.These included the longstanding interactionwith UNDP programmes and IFRC activitiesin South East Asia, as well as further collaborationwith the USAID Regional Office inManila and the European Commission’sregional DIPECHO programmes based inBangkok. Additional interests in regionalcooperation for total disaster risk managementstrategy were expressed by the Asian DevelopmentBank, the International Institute of DisasterRisk Management (IDRM), EmergencyManagement Australia, ICIMOD, andASEAN.3125
3Living with Risk: A global review of disaster reduction initiatives126The 11th ASEAN meeting was held in ChiangRai, Thailand, in August 2000 and endorsed theurgent development of an ASEAN Regional Programmeon Disaster Management (ARPDM).With technical assistance extended by ADPCand financial support provided by the EuropeanUnion, the ASEAN secretariat andmember countries have reached an advancedstage of planning. This new regional programmewill guide cooperative action inASEAN member countries in the followingcore areas of activity:• Planning and conducting joint projects.• Collaborating on research and encouragingnetworks among member countries.• Building capacities and developinghuman resources in areas of priority concern.• Sharing information, best practices, anddisaster management resources.• Promoting partnerships among variousstakeholders including governmentauthorities, NGOs, community and internationalorganizations.• Promoting advocacy, public awarenessand education programmes related to disastermanagement.The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) is anotherregional platform composed of the ASEANcountries and 13 additional dialogue partners(Australia, Canada, China, Eu, India, JapanKorea, Mongolia, New Zealand, Papua NewGuinea, Russian Federation and USA). It isconvened to develop mutual confidence-buildingmeasures and to promote dialogue onregional security concerns. Under its umbrella,several groups have been established to promotecooperation in specific areas includingdisaster relief and marine search and rescue.Four inter-sessional meetings on disaster reliefhave taken place in Wellington (1997),Bangkok (1998), Moscow (1999), and Hanoi(2000). These meetings have included delegationsfrom ministries of foreign affairs, defence,and disaster management from all ARF membercountries and have thus provided a uniqueplatform for discussions at high levels focussedon multiple aspects of disaster management. Inaddition to these meetings, some specificachievements of ARF include a series of trainingactivities, developing a matrix of past cooperationin disaster relief among member countries,conducting an inventory of early warningsystems and drafting guidelines for post-disasterresponsibilities.Among the seven countries which belong tothe South Asia Association for Regional CooperationSAARC (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives,Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) issuesof disaster risk management have been periodicallytouched upon by the SAARC TechnicalCommittee on Environment, Meteorology andForestry. A regional study was conducted onthe Consequences of Natural Disaster, and Protectionand Preservation of the Environment in 1992.Most recently at a meeting of the TechnicalCommittee in January 2002 reference wasmade to “the need for mechanisms to promotecapacity building and technology transfer tosupport natural disaster management”. It wasfurther stressed that together with concernsabout the negative impacts which climatechange exerts in the region, a common SouthAsian position should be developed on theseissues in international forums.There have also been regular and continuedendorsements of inter-state cooperation in naturaldisaster management and resulting declarationsat SAARC Summit Meetings, even ifthey have seldom occupied primary attentionamong the many regional issues, typically onthe agendas. However, at the most recent 11thSummit Meeting of SAARC held in January2002 in Kathmandu, the view was more explicitlyexpressed as, “the Heads of State or Governmentfelt a strong need to devise a mechanismfor cooperation in the field of early warning,as well as preparedness and managementof natural disasters, along with programmes topromote the conservation of land and waterresources”.As all SAARC member countries are exposedto similar hazards, they have much operationalexperience in disaster risk management thatcould be exchanged to a considerably greaterextent than is currently the case. Importantareas that could benefit from cooperationinclude training, the exchange of both operationaland technical professional information,the exchange of government officials, and coordinationin policy formulation and implementation,especially in the case of disasters affectingneighbouring countries. The reduction of risksassociated with transboundary hazards is a particularlyurgent area in which to expand formal
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DLiving with RiskA global review of
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Bastien Affeltranger, FranceTom Alc
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IntroductionThis is a preliminary v
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“Imagine all the people…”It w
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Eruption of Mount Agung, Bali, Indo
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Living with risk - focus on disaste
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The shift towards disaster reductio
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Taking these developments into acco
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Disaster risk reduction - a sharedr
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A disaster is a function of the ris
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Disaster risk management and reduct
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Chapter2Risk awareness and assessme
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Understanding the nature of hazards
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Risk awareness and assessment2Map-
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The figure below illustrates the fo
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Trends in disaster impactWhile no c
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Trends in hazardsUntil recently, th
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Risk awareness and assessment2Nyira
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Risk awareness and assessment2ISDR
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Risk awareness and assessment2Reduc
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Risk awareness and assessment2Wildl
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Risk awareness and assessment2Prima
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Risk awareness and assessment215 la
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dering external debts that constitu
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The identification of hazards usual
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consideration about the nature of i
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Risk awareness and assessment2Bern
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Risk awareness and assessment2THE P
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A second initiative to disseminate
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support, contribute to the establis
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issues, climatic uncertainty, chang
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Building understanding: development
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anism that has been exploited to on
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preparedness are frequently attribu
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Institutional basis to transmit exp
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lic information must necessarily in
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information including links to many
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Building understanding: development
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ized a workshop with the support of
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nication remains the local language
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In 2001, government officials, ADRC
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challengesFuture challenges and pri
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Chapter5A selection of disasterredu
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5Living with Risk: A global review
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Annexesa1Annex 1Terminology: Basic
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Emergency management involves the p
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Recovery (rehabilitation and recons
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Annexesa2Annex 2Directory: Internat
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Annexesa2Business and Industry Coun
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Annexesa2Comisión Nacional de Prev
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Annexesa2Disaster Management Center
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Annexesa2Experimental Climate Predi
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Annexesa2Instituto Nicaraguense de
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Annexesa2International Drought Info
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Annexesa2Organization of Eastern Ca
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Annexesa2Unit for Sustainable Devel
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Annexesa3Annex 3aList of ACRONYMSAC
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Annexesa3CREDCRIDCSDCSDSCSIRCSTCSWC
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GEOGESIGFMCGHIGIEWSGISGLIDESGLO-DIS
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Annexesa3mMABMADERMANDISAMARNMATEMC
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Annexesa3SARCOFSARDCSARECSBOSCF-UKS
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Annexesa4Annex 4aBibliographyAbramo
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Annexesa4eDisaster Relief. Worldwid
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Annexesa4kKent,m lRandolph. 1987. A
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Annexesa4Thompson, C. 1993. Drought
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The International Strategy for Disa
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