Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NIS–4)

Severity of Outcomes from Harm Standard MaltreatmentSignificant enrollment differences occurred in two levels of outcomes fromHarm Standard maltreatment: moderate harm and inferred harm.Moderate harm. School-aged children enrolled in school were significantlymore likely to suffer moderate harm from Harm Standard maltreatment (10.4 per 1,000)compared to their non-enrolled age peers (4.9 per 1,000). Specifically, school-agedchildren enrolled in school were 2.1 times more likely than children not enrolled inschool to be in this category.Inferred harm. Non-enrolled children had a significantly higher rate ofinferred harm as a result of Harm Standard maltreatment than enrolled children (1.4versus 0.6 per 1,000, respectively). Their risk of inferred harm is 2.3 times higher thanthat of the enrolled children. This may reflect the fact that specific forms of sexual abusepermit harm to be inferred and the non-enrolled children were sexually abused at a higherrate.4.5.2 Differences in Endangerment Standard Maltreatment Relatedto Child’s Enrollment in SchoolTable 4–8 shows the significant and statistically marginal enrollmentdifferences in incidence rates of Endangerment Standard abuse and neglect.Overall Endangerment Standard MaltreatmentAn estimated 37.8 per 1,000 school-age children not enrolled in schoolexperienced Endangerment Standard maltreatment compared with 30.2 per 1,000enrolled children, a statistically marginal difference. In other words, the non-enrolledchildren had almost 1.3 times greater risk of Endangerment Standard maltreatment thanchildren enrolled in school.4-38