Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NISâ4)

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Table D-9. T-statistics for family socioeconomic status (SES) differences in NIS-4 incidence rates forharm standard maltreatmentAll MaltreatmentAll AbusePhysical AbuseSexual AbuseEmotional AbuseAll NeglectPhysical NeglectEmotional NeglectEducational NeglectSeverity, FatalSeverity, SeriousSeverity, ModerateSeverity, InferredT-Value5.9930 a7.6369 a5.6934 a5.0618 a4.8584 a4.9521 a5.6671 a5.3720 a2.4770 b2.7786 b6.9799 a4.2933 a3.8010 aTable D-10. T-statistics for family socioeconomic status (SES) differences in NIS-4 incidence rates forendangerment standard maltreatmentAll MaltreatmentAll AbusePhysical AbuseSexual AbuseEmotional AbuseAll NeglectPhysical NeglectEmotional NeglectEducational NeglectSeverity, FatalSeverity, SeriousSeverity, ModerateSeverity, InferredSeverity,EndangeredT-Value9.6581 a7.8315 a6.3146 a5.7398 a6.6428 a9.3246 a8.4025 a8.6316 a2.4770 b2.7786 b7.1004 a6.7269 a5.9963 a8.1975 aAlpha Levelsa: 0.001b: 0.010c: 0.050d: 0.100 D-13
Table D-11. T-statistics for family structure and living arrangement differences inNIS-4 incidence rates for harm standard maltreatmentMarried Parents,Married Parents, Married Parents, Both Biological vsBoth Biological vs Both Biological vs Single ParentOther Married Parents Unmarried Parents W/PartnerAll Maltreatment 6.6381 a 4.5923 a 5.8969 aAll Abuse 8.0604 a 4.1706 b 5.7855 aPhysical Abuse 6.8713 a 4.7495 a 6.1892 aSexual Abuse 6.4771 a 1.5258 3.6610 bEmotional Abuse 4.1060 b 1.9963 3.2400 cAll Neglect 2.8466 d 3.0238 d 3.7784 bPhysical Neglect 1.5556 3.2214 c 3.1323 cEmotional Neglect 3.8159 b 2.2141 3.2808 cEducational Neglect 1.3612 1.4022 2.2584Severity, Fatal 0.9368 1.8568 0.8321Severity, Serious 5.4194 a 5.7267 a 4.5319 aSeverity, Moderate 4.8081 a 3.0621 c 4.9443 aSeverity, Inferred 5.3675 a 4.3906 a 3.6041 bMarried Parents,Both Biological vs Married Parents,Single Parent, No Both Biological vsPartnerNeither ParentAll Maltreatment 5.9256 a 4.2129 bAll Abuse 5.5452 a 4.9286 aPhysical Abuse 5.3388 a 4.7808 aSexual Abuse 5.4659 a 4.7456 aEmotional Abuse 3.6702 b 1.9241All Neglect 5.0879 a 2.8861 dPhysical Neglect 4.5401 a 3.1809 cEmotional Neglect 6.2012 a 2.3144Educational Neglect 3.3538 c 2.2513Severity, Fatal 0.7556 1.1940Severity, Serious 6.1047 a 3.2202 cSeverity, Moderate 4.6509 a 4.0218 bSeverity, Inferred 6.8590 a 4.0344 bAlpha Levelsa: 0.001b: 0.010c: 0.050d: 0.100 D-14
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Fourth National Incidence Studyof C
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Fourth National Incidence Studyof C
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TABLE OF CONTENTSChapterPageEXECUTI
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ChapterPage5.1.2 Differences in Mal
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LIST OF TABLESTablePage2-1 NIS-4 60
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LIST OF FIGURESFigurePage2-1 Levels
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Figure5-265-275-286-16-26-36-46-56-
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis executive sum
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In the NIS classifications, maltrea
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3. The National Incidence of Child
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(36%, or 302,600 children) were emo
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maltreatment outcomes—rates of ch
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details that would exclude legitima
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Grandparents as caregivers. The NIS
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males more often were abusers (62%
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maltreated children to enter CPS in
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with Harm Standard maltreatment and
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differences in maltreatment rates r
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1. INTRODUCTIONThis report presents
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Incorporating the TAG input, DHHS d
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• The NIS-4 Data Collection Repor
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these with the percentages that rec
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Rationale. Although CPS investigate
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eveal the maltreatment to persons i
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Figure 2-3.Schematic Summary of the
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CPS recruitment. In order to undupl
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format: the Sentinel data form desc
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3. Purposive and Avoidable Acts/Omi
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each child substantiated by CPS or
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2.6 Weighting and Estimation 14The
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the population. The estimated total
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2.8 Supplementary StudiesThe NIS pr
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3. INCIDENCE OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEG
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3.1.1 Overall Incidence of Harm Sta
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3.1.2 Incidence of Harm Standard Ab
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children represent 58% of all child
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From inadequate supervision to the
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3.1.5 Severity of Outcomes from Har
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interpreted as less serious than mo
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considered to be endangered by thei
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totals represent national incidence
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Changes since 1986 in the incidence
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The NIS-3 found significant increas
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Moderate harm. Moderate harm due to
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4. DISTRIBUTION OF ABUSE AND NEGLEC
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Sexual Abuse. Girls experienced Har
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Table 4-2. Sex Differences in Incid
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4.2 Age Differences in the Incidenc
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Figure 4-4.Age Differences in Incid
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graph shows, the incidence rate for
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4.2.2 Age Differences in Endangerme
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Physical abuse. The incidence of En
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Figure 4-11.Age Differences in the
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Figure 4-12.Percent Changes since t
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Endangered. Chapter 3 reported that
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significantly higher than that for
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Changes since the NIS-3 in Rates of
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Overall Endangerment Standard Maltr
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Changes since the NIS-3 in Rates of
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4.4.1 Differences in Harm Standard
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Table 4-6. Differences Related to C
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Thus, the incidence rate for childr
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Overall Harm Standard MaltreatmentS
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Table 4-8. Differences Related to C
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Endangerment Standard maltreatment,
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5.1 Differences in the Incidence of
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more than 2 times the rate for chil
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inferring that they were harmed. Th
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Specific Categories of Endangerment
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Endangered. The estimated incidence
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families. The incidence rate for ch
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Educational neglect. Children in fa
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The incidence rate of Endangerment
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Endangered. Children in families of
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Figure 5-1.Incidence of Harm Standa
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Figure 5-2.Incidence of Harm Standa
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higher, the rate for children whose
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maltreatment at a reliably higher r
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Figure 5-6.Percent Changes since NI
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5.3.2 Differences in the Incidence
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Specific Categories of Endangerment
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Figure 5-11.Incidence of Endangerme
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living with a single parent who had
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oth parents showed much smaller cha
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child’s primary caregiver, when t
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Table 5-6. Differences in Incidence
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in households with two children), a
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per 1,000). Also, the rate of moder
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two children, 1.7 times the rate fo
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Emotional abuse. The incidence of E
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Endangered. The estimated incidence
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Figure 5-23.Incidence of Harm Stand
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5.6.2 Differences in Endangerment S
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were 1.5 times more likely to be ph
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Moderate harm. Children residing in
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Second, because multiple persons so
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hierarchy comprises other adults kn
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Table 6-2 also reveals a marked dif
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with the fact that mothers tend to
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Table 6-4. Perpetrator's Sex by Sev
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perpetrator relationship, with the
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earlier (Chapter 4) and did not var
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perpetrator’s alcohol use was a f
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More of the moderately harmed child
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7. RECOGNIZING ABUSED AND NEGLECTED
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classification hierarchy. If more t
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neglected. That is, when school sen
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NIS-4 estimates and rates per 1,000
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largest contributor in this sector,
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schools and social services agencie
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maltreatment situations only to CPS
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that influence sentinels’ respons
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8.1 CPS Investigation of Abused and
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Figure 8-1.Changes in Rates of CPS
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Figure 8-2.CPS Investigation of Mal
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CPS investigated more than one-half
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Figure 8-6. CPS Investigation of Ch
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children recognized at shelters, al
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Figure 8-8.Changes in Rates of CPS
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Just as in the Harm Standard, the i
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Figure 8-11.Changes in Investigatio
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Figure 8-13.CPS Investigation of Ch
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maltreated children. With these chi
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during the extra month but were alr
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Figure 8-15.Uninvestigated Maltreat
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columns, providing the presumptive
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determining whether the child would
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Table 8-2 shows the actual and pres
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8.4 Relationship between CPS Invest
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investigation rates were lower for
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Prioritizing recommended responses
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maltreatment directly to CPS. Among
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columns, the educational neglect pe
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9. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSThe
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sliding scales for the poorer child
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REFERENCESAhlbom, A., & Norell, S.
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Youth and Families, Administration
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U.S. Census Bureau. (2004). Current
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Appendix A Design and Methods Summa
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weighted the records (so the sample
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design. The measure of size was the
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optimal sample sizes from law enfor
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CPS RECRUITMENT In order to develop
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SENTINEL AGENCY RECRUITMENT The sen
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Table A-2.NIS-4 Agency Participatio
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DATA COLLECTIONThe goals of the NIS
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Table A-5. Participating Sentinel A
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• The nature of harm (injuries to
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The evaluative coders recorded thes
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Table A-9. Agreement Rates for Over
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probability-based matching software
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WEIGHTING Sampling weights were dev
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eport the child to CPS, which in tu
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Table A-12. Topics Covered in the 4
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CPS SCREENING POLICIES STUDY (SPS)
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• 52 agencies provided their own
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SENTINEL DEFINITIONS SURVEY (SDS) T
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The first surveys were mailed in Ma
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TABLE B-1.CATEGORIES OF MALTREATMEN
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TABLE B-4.AGE BY CATEGORIES OF MALT
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TABLE B-4. (Continued)AGE CLASS = 1
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TABLE B-5. (Continued)RACE/ETHNICIT
Page 331 and 332: TABLE B-6. (Continued) NCHILDR = 4
Page 333 and 334: TABLE B-8.CHILDREN COUNTABLE UNDER
Page 335 and 336: TABLE B-8. (Continued)CLASS = NOT I
Page 337 and 338: TABLE B-10.FAMILY STRUCTURE AND PAR
Page 339 and 340: TABLE B-10. (Continued)FAMILY STRUC
Page 341 and 342: TABLE B-11. (Continued)FAMILY STRUC
Page 343 and 344: TABLE B-13. (Continued)PARENTS' EMP
Page 345 and 346: Appendix C Endangerment Standard Es
Page 347 and 348: TABLE C-3.SEX BY CATEGORIES OF MALT
Page 349 and 350: TABLE C-4. (Continued)AGE CLASS = 6
Page 351 and 352: TABLE C-5.RACE/ETHNICITY BY CATEGOR
Page 353 and 354: TABLE C-6. (Continued)NCHILDR = 2 C
Page 355 and 356: TABLE C-7. (Continued)METROSTATUS =
Page 357 and 358: TABLE C-8. (Continued)CLASS = INVES
Page 359 and 360: TABLE C-9.PROPORTION OF ENDANGERMEN
Page 361 and 362: TABLE C-10. (Continued)FAMILY STRUC
Page 363 and 364: TABLE C-11.FAMILY STRUCTURE BY CATE
Page 365 and 366: TABLE C-12. (Continued)SOCIOECONOMI
Page 367 and 368: TABLE C-14.GRANDPARENTS AS CAREGIVE
Page 369 and 370: APPENDIX DWITHIN STUDY ANALYSES Thi
Page 371 and 372: Table D-3. T-statistics for age dif
Page 373 and 374: Table D-3. ContinuedAge 6-8 vs 9-11
Page 375 and 376: Table D-4. ContinuedAge 0-2 vs 12-1
Page 377 and 378: Table D-4 ContinuedAge 9-11 vs 12-1
Page 379 and 380: Table D-6. T-statistics for racial/
Page 381: Table D-8. T-statistics for parent'
Page 385 and 386: Table D-11. ContinuedUnmarried Pare
Page 387 and 388: Table D-12. ContinuedMarried Parent
Page 389 and 390: Table D-12. ContinuedSingle ParentW
Page 391 and 392: Table D-15. T-statistics for family
Page 393 and 394: Table D-16. T-statistics for family
Page 395 and 396: Table D-17. T-statistics for metros
Page 397 and 398: Table D-19. Chi-squared Results for
Page 405 and 406: APPENDIX E BETWEEN-STUDY ANALYSES T
Page 407 and 408: Table E-1a. T-statistics for compar
Page 409 and 410: Table E-3. Chi-squared tables for s
Page 411 and 412: Table E-3. (Continued)Emotional Neg
Page 413 and 414: Table E-4. (Continued)Sexual Abuse0
Page 415 and 416: Table E-4. (Continued)Severity, Mod
Page 417 and 418: Table E-5. (Continued)Physical Negl
Page 419 and 420: Table E-6. Chi-squared tables for p
Page 421 and 422: Table E-6. (Continued)Educational N
Page 423 and 424: Table E-7. Chi-squared tables for f
Page 425 and 426: Table E-7. (Continued)Emotional Neg
Page 427 and 428: Table E-8. (Continued)Sexual AbuseL
Page 429 and 430: Table E-8. (Continued)Severity, Mod
Page 431 and 432: Table E-9. (Continued)Emotional Abu
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Table E.9. (Continued)Severity, Inf
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Table E-10. (Continued)Emotional Ab
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Table E-10. (Continued)Severity, In
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Table E-17. T-statistics for Source
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