Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NISâ4)

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Landis, R.J., Lepkowski, J.M, Eklund, S.A., and Stehouwer, S.A. (1982). A StatisticalMethodology for Analyzing Data from a Complex Survey: The First NationalHealth and Nutrition Examination Survey. Vital and Health Statistics, 2(92),Washington, DC: National Center for Health Statistics.Lee, E.S., Forthofer, R.N. & Lorimor, R.J. (1989). Analyzing Complex Survey Data.Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.McPherson, K. and Sedlak, A.J. (2010). Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuseand Neglect (NIS–4): Sentinel Definitions Survey (SDS). (Prepared by Westatunder contract to the Administration for Children and Families.) Washington, DC:Administration for Children and Families.Office of Management and Budget. (2000). Standards for defining metropolitan andmicropolitan statistical areas; notice. Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 249,December 27, 2000, 82228-82238.Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, Department of Education.(2006). Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Data. Available online:https://www.ideadata.org/PartBTrendDataFiles.asp [Tables B2A & B2B].Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, Department of Education.(2008). Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Data. Available online:https://www.ideadata.org/arc_toc8.asp#partbCC [Tables 1-2, 1-4, 1-5 & 7-1.] andhttps://www.ideadata.org/arc_toc7.asp#partcCC [Table 6–1.]Park, I., Winglee, M., Clark, J., & Sedlak, A. (2003). Enhancement Option 4: NIS–3 PSUSample Selection Analyses. Deliverable 10 for Task 9b under Contract No. 282-98-0015, Task 40, Planning for the NIS–4. Report prepared for the Children’sBureau, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Administration forChildren and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.Rockville, MD: Westat, Inc.Park, I., Winglee, M., Clark, J., Sedlak, A., Morganstein, D., & Rust, K. (2003).Enhancement Options 1 and 2: NIS–3 Sample Design Analyses. Deliverables 3and 5 for Task 9a under Contract No. 282-98-0015, Task 40, Planning for theNIS–4. Report prepared for the Children’s Bureau, Administration on Children,R–2
Youth and Families, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Departmentof Health and Human Services. Rockville, MD: Westat, Inc.Provasnik, S., KewalRamani, A., Coleman, M.M., Gilbertson, L., Herring, W., and Xie,Q. (2007). Status of Education in Rural America (NCES 2007-040). NationalCenter for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, Washington, DC:U.S. Department of Education. Available at:http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2007/2007040.pdfRogers, C.M., Gray, E., & Aitken, S. (1992). Final Report: Summary Proceedings andRecommendations of the National Incidence Study Expert Conference. (Preparedunder a contract to CSR, Inc., from the National Center on Child Abuse andNeglect). Washington, D.C.: CSR, Incorporated.Rust, K.F. and Rao, J.N.K. (1996). Variance estimation for complex estimators in samplesurveys. Statistics in Medical Research, 5, 381-397.Sankoh, A.J., Huque, M.F., Dubey, S.D. (1997). Some comments on frequently usedmultiple endpoint adjustments methods in clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine;16:2529-2542.Sedlak, A.J. (1991). National incidence and prevalence of child abuse and neglect: 1988(revised report). Rockville, MD: Westat.Sedlak, A.J. (2001). A History of the National Incidence Study of Child Abuse andNeglect. [Deliverable 20 under Contract No. HHS-100-97-0017, Special Studiesand Strategic Planning: National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect.Submitted to the Children’s Bureau, Administration of Children, Youth andFamilies, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Healthand Human Services, Washington, D.C.] Rockville, MD: Westat.Sedlak, A.J. and Broadhurst, D.D. (1996). Third National Incidence Study of Child Abuseand Neglect: Final Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services.Sedlak, A.J., Bruce, C., & Hill, R. (2002). Design Options for the Future NIS.[Deliverable 9 under Contract No. HHS 100-97-0017, Delivery Order No. 19,National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect: Projection Models, DataExtracts, and Recommendations. Submitted to the Children’s Bureau,R–3
Page 1 and 2:
Fourth National Incidence Studyof C
Page 3 and 4:
Fourth National Incidence Studyof C
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTSChapterPageEXECUTI
Page 7 and 8:
ChapterPage5.1.2 Differences in Mal
Page 9 and 10:
LIST OF TABLESTablePage2-1 NIS-4 60
Page 11 and 12:
LIST OF FIGURESFigurePage2-1 Levels
Page 13 and 14:
Figure5-265-275-286-16-26-36-46-56-
Page 15 and 16:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis executive sum
Page 17 and 18:
In the NIS classifications, maltrea
Page 19 and 20:
3. The National Incidence of Child
Page 21 and 22:
(36%, or 302,600 children) were emo
Page 23 and 24:
maltreatment outcomes—rates of ch
Page 25 and 26:
details that would exclude legitima
Page 27 and 28:
Grandparents as caregivers. The NIS
Page 29 and 30:
males more often were abusers (62%
Page 31 and 32:
maltreated children to enter CPS in
Page 33 and 34:
with Harm Standard maltreatment and
Page 35 and 36:
differences in maltreatment rates r
Page 37 and 38:
1. INTRODUCTIONThis report presents
Page 39 and 40:
Incorporating the TAG input, DHHS d
Page 41 and 42:
• The NIS-4 Data Collection Repor
Page 43:
these with the percentages that rec
Page 46 and 47:
Rationale. Although CPS investigate
Page 48 and 49:
eveal the maltreatment to persons i
Page 50 and 51:
Figure 2-3.Schematic Summary of the
Page 52 and 53:
CPS recruitment. In order to undupl
Page 54 and 55:
format: the Sentinel data form desc
Page 56 and 57:
3. Purposive and Avoidable Acts/Omi
Page 58 and 59:
each child substantiated by CPS or
Page 60 and 61:
2.6 Weighting and Estimation 14The
Page 62 and 63:
the population. The estimated total
Page 64 and 65:
2.8 Supplementary StudiesThe NIS pr
Page 67 and 68:
3. INCIDENCE OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEG
Page 69 and 70:
3.1.1 Overall Incidence of Harm Sta
Page 71 and 72:
3.1.2 Incidence of Harm Standard Ab
Page 73 and 74:
children represent 58% of all child
Page 75 and 76:
From inadequate supervision to the
Page 77 and 78:
3.1.5 Severity of Outcomes from Har
Page 79 and 80:
interpreted as less serious than mo
Page 81 and 82:
considered to be endangered by thei
Page 83 and 84:
totals represent national incidence
Page 85 and 86:
Changes since 1986 in the incidence
Page 87 and 88:
The NIS-3 found significant increas
Page 89 and 90:
Moderate harm. Moderate harm due to
Page 91 and 92:
4. DISTRIBUTION OF ABUSE AND NEGLEC
Page 93 and 94:
Sexual Abuse. Girls experienced Har
Page 95 and 96:
Table 4-2. Sex Differences in Incid
Page 97 and 98:
4.2 Age Differences in the Incidenc
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 4-4.Age Differences in Incid
Page 101 and 102:
graph shows, the incidence rate for
Page 103 and 104:
4.2.2 Age Differences in Endangerme
Page 105 and 106:
Physical abuse. The incidence of En
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 4-11.Age Differences in the
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 4-12.Percent Changes since t
Page 111 and 112:
Endangered. Chapter 3 reported that
Page 113 and 114:
significantly higher than that for
Page 115 and 116:
Changes since the NIS-3 in Rates of
Page 117 and 118:
Overall Endangerment Standard Maltr
Page 119 and 120:
Changes since the NIS-3 in Rates of
Page 121 and 122:
4.4.1 Differences in Harm Standard
Page 123 and 124:
Table 4-6. Differences Related to C
Page 125 and 126:
Thus, the incidence rate for childr
Page 127 and 128:
Overall Harm Standard MaltreatmentS
Page 129 and 130:
Table 4-8. Differences Related to C
Page 131:
Endangerment Standard maltreatment,
Page 134 and 135:
5.1 Differences in the Incidence of
Page 136 and 137:
more than 2 times the rate for chil
Page 138 and 139:
inferring that they were harmed. Th
Page 140 and 141:
Specific Categories of Endangerment
Page 142 and 143:
Endangered. The estimated incidence
Page 144 and 145:
families. The incidence rate for ch
Page 146 and 147:
Educational neglect. Children in fa
Page 148 and 149:
The incidence rate of Endangerment
Page 150 and 151:
Endangered. Children in families of
Page 152 and 153:
Figure 5-1.Incidence of Harm Standa
Page 154 and 155:
Figure 5-2.Incidence of Harm Standa
Page 156 and 157:
higher, the rate for children whose
Page 158 and 159:
maltreatment at a reliably higher r
Page 160 and 161:
Figure 5-6.Percent Changes since NI
Page 162 and 163:
5.3.2 Differences in the Incidence
Page 164 and 165:
Specific Categories of Endangerment
Page 166 and 167:
Figure 5-11.Incidence of Endangerme
Page 168 and 169:
living with a single parent who had
Page 170 and 171:
oth parents showed much smaller cha
Page 172 and 173:
child’s primary caregiver, when t
Page 174 and 175:
Table 5-6. Differences in Incidence
Page 176 and 177:
in households with two children), a
Page 178 and 179:
per 1,000). Also, the rate of moder
Page 180 and 181:
two children, 1.7 times the rate fo
Page 182 and 183:
Emotional abuse. The incidence of E
Page 184 and 185:
Endangered. The estimated incidence
Page 186 and 187:
Figure 5-23.Incidence of Harm Stand
Page 188 and 189:
5.6.2 Differences in Endangerment S
Page 190 and 191:
were 1.5 times more likely to be ph
Page 192 and 193:
Moderate harm. Children residing in
Page 194 and 195:
Second, because multiple persons so
Page 196 and 197:
hierarchy comprises other adults kn
Page 198 and 199:
Table 6-2 also reveals a marked dif
Page 200 and 201:
with the fact that mothers tend to
Page 202 and 203:
Table 6-4. Perpetrator's Sex by Sev
Page 204 and 205:
perpetrator relationship, with the
Page 206 and 207:
earlier (Chapter 4) and did not var
Page 208 and 209:
perpetrator’s alcohol use was a f
Page 210 and 211:
More of the moderately harmed child
Page 213 and 214:
7. RECOGNIZING ABUSED AND NEGLECTED
Page 215 and 216:
classification hierarchy. If more t
Page 217 and 218:
neglected. That is, when school sen
Page 219 and 220:
NIS-4 estimates and rates per 1,000
Page 221 and 222:
largest contributor in this sector,
Page 223 and 224:
schools and social services agencie
Page 225 and 226:
maltreatment situations only to CPS
Page 227: that influence sentinels’ respons
Page 230 and 231: 8.1 CPS Investigation of Abused and
Page 232 and 233: Figure 8-1.Changes in Rates of CPS
Page 234 and 235: Figure 8-2.CPS Investigation of Mal
Page 236 and 237: CPS investigated more than one-half
Page 238 and 239: Figure 8-6. CPS Investigation of Ch
Page 240 and 241: children recognized at shelters, al
Page 242 and 243: Figure 8-8.Changes in Rates of CPS
Page 244 and 245: Just as in the Harm Standard, the i
Page 246 and 247: Figure 8-11.Changes in Investigatio
Page 248 and 249: Figure 8-13.CPS Investigation of Ch
Page 250 and 251: maltreated children. With these chi
Page 252 and 253: during the extra month but were alr
Page 254 and 255: Figure 8-15.Uninvestigated Maltreat
Page 256 and 257: columns, providing the presumptive
Page 258 and 259: determining whether the child would
Page 260 and 261: Table 8-2 shows the actual and pres
Page 262 and 263: 8.4 Relationship between CPS Invest
Page 264 and 265: investigation rates were lower for
Page 266 and 267: Prioritizing recommended responses
Page 268 and 269: maltreatment directly to CPS. Among
Page 270 and 271: columns, the educational neglect pe
Page 273 and 274: 9. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSThe
Page 275 and 276: sliding scales for the poorer child
Page 277: REFERENCESAhlbom, A., & Norell, S.
Page 281 and 282: U.S. Census Bureau. (2004). Current
Page 283 and 284: Appendix A Design and Methods Summa
Page 285 and 286: weighted the records (so the sample
Page 287 and 288: design. The measure of size was the
Page 289 and 290: optimal sample sizes from law enfor
Page 291 and 292: CPS RECRUITMENT In order to develop
Page 293 and 294: SENTINEL AGENCY RECRUITMENT The sen
Page 295 and 296: Table A-2.NIS-4 Agency Participatio
Page 297 and 298: DATA COLLECTIONThe goals of the NIS
Page 299 and 300: Table A-5. Participating Sentinel A
Page 301 and 302: • The nature of harm (injuries to
Page 303 and 304: The evaluative coders recorded thes
Page 305 and 306: Table A-9. Agreement Rates for Over
Page 307 and 308: probability-based matching software
Page 309 and 310: WEIGHTING Sampling weights were dev
Page 311 and 312: eport the child to CPS, which in tu
Page 313 and 314: Table A-12. Topics Covered in the 4
Page 315 and 316: CPS SCREENING POLICIES STUDY (SPS)
Page 317 and 318: • 52 agencies provided their own
Page 319 and 320: SENTINEL DEFINITIONS SURVEY (SDS) T
Page 321 and 322: The first surveys were mailed in Ma
Page 323 and 324: TABLE B-1.CATEGORIES OF MALTREATMEN
Page 325 and 326: TABLE B-4.AGE BY CATEGORIES OF MALT
Page 327 and 328: TABLE B-4. (Continued)AGE CLASS = 1
Page 329 and 330:
TABLE B-5. (Continued)RACE/ETHNICIT
Page 331 and 332:
TABLE B-6. (Continued) NCHILDR = 4
Page 333 and 334:
TABLE B-8.CHILDREN COUNTABLE UNDER
Page 335 and 336:
TABLE B-8. (Continued)CLASS = NOT I
Page 337 and 338:
TABLE B-10.FAMILY STRUCTURE AND PAR
Page 339 and 340:
TABLE B-10. (Continued)FAMILY STRUC
Page 341 and 342:
TABLE B-11. (Continued)FAMILY STRUC
Page 343 and 344:
TABLE B-13. (Continued)PARENTS' EMP
Page 345 and 346:
Appendix C Endangerment Standard Es
Page 347 and 348:
TABLE C-3.SEX BY CATEGORIES OF MALT
Page 349 and 350:
TABLE C-4. (Continued)AGE CLASS = 6
Page 351 and 352:
TABLE C-5.RACE/ETHNICITY BY CATEGOR
Page 353 and 354:
TABLE C-6. (Continued)NCHILDR = 2 C
Page 355 and 356:
TABLE C-7. (Continued)METROSTATUS =
Page 357 and 358:
TABLE C-8. (Continued)CLASS = INVES
Page 359 and 360:
TABLE C-9.PROPORTION OF ENDANGERMEN
Page 361 and 362:
TABLE C-10. (Continued)FAMILY STRUC
Page 363 and 364:
TABLE C-11.FAMILY STRUCTURE BY CATE
Page 365 and 366:
TABLE C-12. (Continued)SOCIOECONOMI
Page 367 and 368:
TABLE C-14.GRANDPARENTS AS CAREGIVE
Page 369 and 370:
APPENDIX DWITHIN STUDY ANALYSES Thi
Page 371 and 372:
Table D-3. T-statistics for age dif
Page 373 and 374:
Table D-3. ContinuedAge 6-8 vs 9-11
Page 375 and 376:
Table D-4. ContinuedAge 0-2 vs 12-1
Page 377 and 378:
Table D-4 ContinuedAge 9-11 vs 12-1
Page 379 and 380:
Table D-6. T-statistics for racial/
Page 381 and 382:
Table D-8. T-statistics for parent'
Page 383 and 384:
Table D-11. T-statistics for family
Page 385 and 386:
Table D-11. ContinuedUnmarried Pare
Page 387 and 388:
Table D-12. ContinuedMarried Parent
Page 389 and 390:
Table D-12. ContinuedSingle ParentW
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Table D-17. T-statistics for metros
Page 397 and 398:
Table D-19. Chi-squared Results for
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
APPENDIX E BETWEEN-STUDY ANALYSES T
Page 407 and 408:
Table E-1a. T-statistics for compar
Page 409 and 410:
Table E-3. Chi-squared tables for s
Page 411 and 412:
Table E-3. (Continued)Emotional Neg
Page 413 and 414:
Table E-4. (Continued)Sexual Abuse0
Page 415 and 416:
Table E-4. (Continued)Severity, Mod
Page 417 and 418:
Table E-5. (Continued)Physical Negl
Page 419 and 420:
Table E-6. Chi-squared tables for p
Page 421 and 422:
Table E-6. (Continued)Educational N
Page 423 and 424:
Table E-7. Chi-squared tables for f
Page 425 and 426:
Table E-7. (Continued)Emotional Neg
Page 427 and 428:
Table E-8. (Continued)Sexual AbuseL
Page 429 and 430:
Table E-8. (Continued)Severity, Mod
Page 431 and 432:
Table E-9. (Continued)Emotional Abu
Page 433 and 434:
Table E.9. (Continued)Severity, Inf
Page 435 and 436:
Table E-10. (Continued)Emotional Ab
Page 437 and 438:
Table E-10. (Continued)Severity, In
Page 439 and 440:
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
Page 453 and 454:
Page 455:
Table E-17. T-statistics for Source
show all

Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NISâ4)

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?

Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NISâ4)