Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NISâ4)

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TABLE C-1.CATEGORIES OF MALTREATMENT AND SEVERITY FOR CHILDREN COUNTABLE UNDER THE ENDANGERMENT STANDARD; INCIDENCE RATES (Per 1,000 <strong>Child</strong>ren)CATEGORY OF MALTREATMENT ESTIMATED STANDARDOR SEVERITY INCIDENCE RATE ERRORALL MALTREATED 39.463 3.526ALL ABUSED 11.340 0.876PHYSICALLY ABUSED 6.472 0.484SEXUALLY ABUSED 2.452 0.191EMOTIONALLY ABUSED 4.109 0.426ALL NEGLECTED 30.578 2.778PHYSICALLY NEGLECTED 16.190 1.605EMOTIONALLY NEGLECTED 15.941 1.299EDUCATIONALLY NEGLECTED 4.896 1.089SEVERITY, FATAL 0.033 0.006SEVERITY, SERIOUS 6.925 0.666SEVERITY, MODERATE 13.861 1.480SEVERITY, INFERRED 3.086 0.346SEVERITY, ENDANGERED 15.557 1.506TABLE C-2.PROPORTION OF ENDANGERMENT STANDARD CHILDREN WHOSE MALTREATMENT WAS INVESTIGATED BY CPSCATEGORY OF MALTREATMENT ESTIMATED STANDARDOR SEVERITY PROPORTION ERRORALL MALTREATED 0.434 0.035ALL ABUSED 0.494 0.038PHYSICALLY ABUSED 0.523 0.039SEXUALLY ABUSED 0.564 0.050EMOTIONALLY ABUSED 0.396 0.039ALL NEGLECTED 0.415 0.034PHYSICALLY NEGLECTED 0.414 0.042EMOTIONALLY NEGLECTED 0.498 0.044EDUCATIONALLY NEGLECTED 0.089 0.018SEVERITY, FATAL 0.807 0.136SEVERITY, SERIOUS 0.311 0.029SEVERITY, MODERATE 0.288 0.029SEVERITY, INFERRED 0.527 0.070SEVERITY, ENDANGERED 0.601 0.056C-1
TABLE C-3.SEX BY CATEGORIES OF MALTREATMENT AND SEVERITY FOR CHILDREN COUNTABLE UNDERTHE ENDANGERMENT STANDARD; INCIDENCE RATES (Per 1,000 <strong>Child</strong>ren)SEX = MALECATEGORY OF MALTREATMENT ESTIMATED STANDARDOR SEVERITY INCIDENCE RATE ERRORALL MALTREATED 36.6063 3.147ALL ABUSED 9.9654 0.949PHYSICALLY ABUSED 6.6566 0.613SEXUALLY ABUSED 1.0483 0.121EMOTIONALLY ABUSED 3.8567 0.528ALL NEGLECTED 29.0468 2.61PHYSICALLY NEGLECTED 15.1481 1.508EMOTIONALLY NEGLECTED 15.0183 1.266EDUCATIONALLY NEGLECTED 4.9948 0.945SEVERITY, FATAL 0.0344 0.012SEVERITY, SERIOUS 6.5425 0.593SEVERITY, MODERATE 13.825 1.501SEVERITY, INFERRED 2.4649 0.269SEVERITY, ENDANGERED 13.7395 1.192SEX = FEMALECATEGORY OF MALTREATMENT ESTIMATED STANDARDOR SEVERITY INCIDENCE RATE ERRORALL MALTREATED 37.946 3.453ALL ABUSED 12.0063 0.864PHYSICALLY ABUSED 5.9264 0.428SEXUALLY ABUSED 3.844 0.38EMOTIONALLY ABUSED 3.9778 0.429ALL NEGLECTED 28.6172 2.708PHYSICALLY NEGLECTED 15.1902 1.621EMOTIONALLY NEGLECTED 14.6864 1.043EDUCATIONALLY NEGLECTED 4.6924 1.329SEVERITY, FATAL 0.0184 0.006SEVERITY, SERIOUS 6.8921 0.796SEVERITY, MODERATE 13.6431 1.682SEVERITY, INFERRED 3.4418 0.348SEVERITY, ENDANGERED 13.9507 1.461C-2
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Fourth National Incidence Studyof C
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Fourth National Incidence Studyof C
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TABLE OF CONTENTSChapterPageEXECUTI
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ChapterPage5.1.2 Differences in Mal
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LIST OF TABLESTablePage2-1 NIS-4 60
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LIST OF FIGURESFigurePage2-1 Levels
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Figure5-265-275-286-16-26-36-46-56-
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis executive sum
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In the NIS classifications, maltrea
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3. The National Incidence of Child
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(36%, or 302,600 children) were emo
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maltreatment outcomes—rates of ch
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details that would exclude legitima
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Grandparents as caregivers. The NIS
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males more often were abusers (62%
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maltreated children to enter CPS in
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with Harm Standard maltreatment and
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differences in maltreatment rates r
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1. INTRODUCTIONThis report presents
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Incorporating the TAG input, DHHS d
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• The NIS-4 Data Collection Repor
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these with the percentages that rec
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Rationale. Although CPS investigate
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eveal the maltreatment to persons i
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Figure 2-3.Schematic Summary of the
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CPS recruitment. In order to undupl
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format: the Sentinel data form desc
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3. Purposive and Avoidable Acts/Omi
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each child substantiated by CPS or
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2.6 Weighting and Estimation 14The
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the population. The estimated total
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2.8 Supplementary StudiesThe NIS pr
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3. INCIDENCE OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEG
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3.1.1 Overall Incidence of Harm Sta
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3.1.2 Incidence of Harm Standard Ab
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children represent 58% of all child
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From inadequate supervision to the
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3.1.5 Severity of Outcomes from Har
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interpreted as less serious than mo
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considered to be endangered by thei
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totals represent national incidence
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Changes since 1986 in the incidence
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The NIS-3 found significant increas
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Moderate harm. Moderate harm due to
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4. DISTRIBUTION OF ABUSE AND NEGLEC
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Sexual Abuse. Girls experienced Har
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Table 4-2. Sex Differences in Incid
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4.2 Age Differences in the Incidenc
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Figure 4-4.Age Differences in Incid
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graph shows, the incidence rate for
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4.2.2 Age Differences in Endangerme
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Physical abuse. The incidence of En
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Figure 4-11.Age Differences in the
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Figure 4-12.Percent Changes since t
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Endangered. Chapter 3 reported that
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significantly higher than that for
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Changes since the NIS-3 in Rates of
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Overall Endangerment Standard Maltr
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Changes since the NIS-3 in Rates of
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4.4.1 Differences in Harm Standard
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Table 4-6. Differences Related to C
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Thus, the incidence rate for childr
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Overall Harm Standard MaltreatmentS
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Table 4-8. Differences Related to C
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Endangerment Standard maltreatment,
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5.1 Differences in the Incidence of
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more than 2 times the rate for chil
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inferring that they were harmed. Th
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Specific Categories of Endangerment
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Endangered. The estimated incidence
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families. The incidence rate for ch
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Educational neglect. Children in fa
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The incidence rate of Endangerment
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Endangered. Children in families of
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Figure 5-1.Incidence of Harm Standa
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Figure 5-2.Incidence of Harm Standa
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higher, the rate for children whose
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maltreatment at a reliably higher r
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Figure 5-6.Percent Changes since NI
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5.3.2 Differences in the Incidence
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Specific Categories of Endangerment
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Figure 5-11.Incidence of Endangerme
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living with a single parent who had
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oth parents showed much smaller cha
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child’s primary caregiver, when t
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Table 5-6. Differences in Incidence
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in households with two children), a
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per 1,000). Also, the rate of moder
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two children, 1.7 times the rate fo
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Emotional abuse. The incidence of E
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Endangered. The estimated incidence
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Figure 5-23.Incidence of Harm Stand
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5.6.2 Differences in Endangerment S
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were 1.5 times more likely to be ph
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Moderate harm. Children residing in
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Second, because multiple persons so
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hierarchy comprises other adults kn
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Table 6-2 also reveals a marked dif
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with the fact that mothers tend to
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Table 6-4. Perpetrator's Sex by Sev
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perpetrator relationship, with the
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earlier (Chapter 4) and did not var
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perpetrator’s alcohol use was a f
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More of the moderately harmed child
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7. RECOGNIZING ABUSED AND NEGLECTED
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classification hierarchy. If more t
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neglected. That is, when school sen
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NIS-4 estimates and rates per 1,000
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largest contributor in this sector,
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schools and social services agencie
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maltreatment situations only to CPS
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that influence sentinels’ respons
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8.1 CPS Investigation of Abused and
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Figure 8-1.Changes in Rates of CPS
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Figure 8-2.CPS Investigation of Mal
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CPS investigated more than one-half
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Figure 8-6. CPS Investigation of Ch
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children recognized at shelters, al
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Figure 8-8.Changes in Rates of CPS
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Just as in the Harm Standard, the i
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Figure 8-11.Changes in Investigatio
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Figure 8-13.CPS Investigation of Ch
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maltreated children. With these chi
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during the extra month but were alr
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Figure 8-15.Uninvestigated Maltreat
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columns, providing the presumptive
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determining whether the child would
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Table 8-2 shows the actual and pres
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8.4 Relationship between CPS Invest
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investigation rates were lower for
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Prioritizing recommended responses
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maltreatment directly to CPS. Among
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columns, the educational neglect pe
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9. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSThe
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sliding scales for the poorer child
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REFERENCESAhlbom, A., & Norell, S.
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Youth and Families, Administration
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U.S. Census Bureau. (2004). Current
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Appendix A Design and Methods Summa
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weighted the records (so the sample
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design. The measure of size was the
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optimal sample sizes from law enfor
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CPS RECRUITMENT In order to develop
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SENTINEL AGENCY RECRUITMENT The sen
Page 295 and 296: Table A-2.NIS-4 Agency Participatio
Page 297 and 298: DATA COLLECTIONThe goals of the NIS
Page 299 and 300: Table A-5. Participating Sentinel A
Page 301 and 302: • The nature of harm (injuries to
Page 303 and 304: The evaluative coders recorded thes
Page 305 and 306: Table A-9. Agreement Rates for Over
Page 307 and 308: probability-based matching software
Page 309 and 310: WEIGHTING Sampling weights were dev
Page 311 and 312: eport the child to CPS, which in tu
Page 313 and 314: Table A-12. Topics Covered in the 4
Page 315 and 316: CPS SCREENING POLICIES STUDY (SPS)
Page 317 and 318: • 52 agencies provided their own
Page 319 and 320: SENTINEL DEFINITIONS SURVEY (SDS) T
Page 321 and 322: The first surveys were mailed in Ma
Page 323 and 324: TABLE B-1.CATEGORIES OF MALTREATMEN
Page 325 and 326: TABLE B-4.AGE BY CATEGORIES OF MALT
Page 327 and 328: TABLE B-4. (Continued)AGE CLASS = 1
Page 329 and 330: TABLE B-5. (Continued)RACE/ETHNICIT
Page 331 and 332: TABLE B-6. (Continued) NCHILDR = 4
Page 333 and 334: TABLE B-8.CHILDREN COUNTABLE UNDER
Page 335 and 336: TABLE B-8. (Continued)CLASS = NOT I
Page 337 and 338: TABLE B-10.FAMILY STRUCTURE AND PAR
Page 339 and 340: TABLE B-10. (Continued)FAMILY STRUC
Page 341 and 342: TABLE B-11. (Continued)FAMILY STRUC
Page 343 and 344: TABLE B-13. (Continued)PARENTS' EMP
Page 345: Appendix C Endangerment Standard Es
Page 349 and 350: TABLE C-4. (Continued)AGE CLASS = 6
Page 351 and 352: TABLE C-5.RACE/ETHNICITY BY CATEGOR
Page 353 and 354: TABLE C-6. (Continued)NCHILDR = 2 C
Page 355 and 356: TABLE C-7. (Continued)METROSTATUS =
Page 357 and 358: TABLE C-8. (Continued)CLASS = INVES
Page 359 and 360: TABLE C-9.PROPORTION OF ENDANGERMEN
Page 361 and 362: TABLE C-10. (Continued)FAMILY STRUC
Page 363 and 364: TABLE C-11.FAMILY STRUCTURE BY CATE
Page 365 and 366: TABLE C-12. (Continued)SOCIOECONOMI
Page 367 and 368: TABLE C-14.GRANDPARENTS AS CAREGIVE
Page 369 and 370: APPENDIX DWITHIN STUDY ANALYSES Thi
Page 371 and 372: Table D-3. T-statistics for age dif
Page 373 and 374: Table D-3. ContinuedAge 6-8 vs 9-11
Page 375 and 376: Table D-4. ContinuedAge 0-2 vs 12-1
Page 377 and 378: Table D-4 ContinuedAge 9-11 vs 12-1
Page 379 and 380: Table D-6. T-statistics for racial/
Page 381 and 382: Table D-8. T-statistics for parent'
Page 383 and 384: Table D-11. T-statistics for family
Page 385 and 386: Table D-11. ContinuedUnmarried Pare
Page 387 and 388: Table D-12. ContinuedMarried Parent
Page 389 and 390: Table D-12. ContinuedSingle ParentW
Page 395 and 396: Table D-17. T-statistics for metros
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Table D-19. Chi-squared Results for
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APPENDIX E BETWEEN-STUDY ANALYSES T
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Table E-1a. T-statistics for compar
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Table E-3. Chi-squared tables for s
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Table E-3. (Continued)Emotional Neg
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Table E-4. (Continued)Sexual Abuse0
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Table E-4. (Continued)Severity, Mod
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Table E-5. (Continued)Physical Negl
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Table E-6. Chi-squared tables for p
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Table E-6. (Continued)Educational N
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Table E-7. Chi-squared tables for f
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Table E-7. (Continued)Emotional Neg
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Table E-8. (Continued)Sexual AbuseL
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Table E-8. (Continued)Severity, Mod
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Table E-9. (Continued)Emotional Abu
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Table E.9. (Continued)Severity, Inf
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Table E-10. (Continued)Emotional Ab
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Table E-10. (Continued)Severity, In
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Table E-17. T-statistics for Source
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Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NISâ4)