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However, as can be seen, since 1997, the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, there has been an additional 829 TWh per year of wind power, 252 TWh more power from solar photovoltaics, and just an additional 185 TWh of nuclear electricity (see Figure 35). In 2015, annual growth rates for the generation from wind power was over 17 percent globally, while it was over 33 percent for solar PV and 1.3 percent for nuclear power. In terms of actual production, nine of the 31 nuclear countries—Brazil, China, Germany, India, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Spain and U.K.—now all generate more electricity from non-hydro renewables than from nuclear power. Status and Trends in China, the EU, India, and the U.S. China continues to be a global leader for most energy technologies. In 2015, China installed more wind power and solar photovoltaics than any other country (see Figure 36), so worldwide, it now has the largest capacities of both, wind power and solar PV. In 2015, China has overtaken Germany in deployed PV capacity. Having started up eight of the world's ten reactors, China also installed more nuclear capacity in 2015 than any other country. Figure 36: Installed Capacity in China from Wind, Solar and Nuclear 2000–2015 180 160 140 120 100 80 GWe © Mycle Schneider Consulting Installed Wind, Solar and Nuclear Capacity in China 2000-2015 (in GWe) Wind Solar Nuclear 63 75 91 115 146 60 42 43 40 20 0 26 29 27 18 12 5 6 7 8 10 12 13 2 6 19 1 3 0,1 0,3 0,8 3,3 16 6,8 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Sources: BP Statistical Review, IAEA PRIS 2016 Investment in renewables in China was by far the largest in the world with a total of just under US$103 billion up from US$83 billion the previous year. In 2015, investment in solar PV was Mycle Schneider, Antony Froggatt et al. 109 World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2016
US$43 billion and wind power was US$42 billion, 344 that compares to the start of construction on six new nuclear power plants, with Capex of an estimated, based on government figures, of around US$18 billion. 345 The 13 th Five Year Plan (2015-2020) proposes new targets for energy efficiency, the reduction of carbon intensity as well as diversification away from fossil fuels, whereby non-fossil fuels are to provide 15 percent of primary energy consumption by 2020, up from 7.4 percent in 2005. 346 Consequently, the explosive growth of renewables is expected to continue with a likely increase of installed capacity of approximately 19.5 GW of solar PV in 2016. Officials from China’s National Energy Administration (NEA) are considering raising the 2020 solar target from 100 GW to 150 GW, which would bring about 21 GW of annual installation between 2016 through to 2020. 347 Figure 37: Electricity Production in China from Nuclear, Wind and Solar 2000-2015 TWh/y 200 180 160 140 120 100 © Mycle Schneider Consulting Electricity Production from Wind, Solar and Nuclear in China 2000-2015 (in TWh/year) Wind Nuclear Solar 93 141 160 124 185 161 80 60 40 20 0 96 66 70 50 39 28 23 16 16 6 4 0 1 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Sources: BP Statistical Review, IAEA-PRIS 2016 344 FS-UNEP, “Global trends in renewable energy investment 2016”, Frankfurt School-UNEP collaboration Centre, Bloomberg New Energy Finance, March 2016. 345 WNA, “Nuclear Power in China”, 25 May 2016, see http://www.world-nuclear.org/informationlibrary/country-profiles/countries-a-f/china-nuclear-power.aspx, accessed 19 June 2016; and WNA, “Nuclear Power in China”, January 2015. 346 China Dialogue, “Climate, energy and China’s 13th Five-Year Plan in graphics”, 18 March 2016, see https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/8734-Climate-energy-and-China-s-13th-Five-Year-Planin-graphics, accessed 23 May 2016. 347 Junko Movellan, “The 2016 Global PV Outlook: US, Asian Markets Strengthened by Policies to Reduce CO2”, 25 January 2016, see http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2016/01/the-2016-global-pvoutlook-u-s-and-asian-markets-strengthened-by-policies-to-reduce-co2.html, accessed 23 May 2016. Mycle Schneider, Antony Froggatt et al. 110 World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2016
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A MYCLE SCHNEIDER CONSULTING PROJEC
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The project coordin
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EBRD Chernobyl Decommissioning/Spen
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TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Nuclear
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Foreword by Tomas Kåberger 1 The W
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Executive Summary and Conclusions K
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WNISR classifies 36 Japanese reacto
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AREVA Debacle (new episode). The Fr
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Fukushima Prefecture, 70 percent of
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Introduction A major accident, like
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the past two decades, nuclear power
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There were three exceptions in 2015
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In the first half of 2016, three re
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The current world fleet has a total
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However, many of those projects (48
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Table 2: Reactor Construction Times
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Figure 11: Construction Starts in t
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large-scale new-build. Having asses
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Figure 15: Age Distribution of 164
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timeframe are highly unlikely given
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The IAEA says that, “seven countr
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for four units equaled approximatel
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Over the past year, the design sele
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In Turkey, up to three projects are
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electricity generating company (EÜ
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However, Rosatom highlighted the
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eportedly considering “suspending
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start in 2020 and commercial operat
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floating reactors. 160 There is als
Page 59 and 60: nonetheless suggested that the proj
Page 61 and 62: Nuclear Finances: Corporate Meltdow
Page 63 and 64: in the U.S. in 2013 from US$5/MBTU
Page 65 and 66: decides not to proceed with Hinkley
Page 67 and 68: market capital for renewable energy
Page 69 and 70: apply across the whole European mar
Page 71 and 72: Supervision and Administration Comm
Page 73 and 74: export market to countries such as
Page 75 and 76: Conclusion on Corporate Finances Th
Page 77 and 78: Sequence and Origin of the Accident
Page 79 and 80: a source of carbon dioxide to smoth
Page 81 and 82: Figure 29: Cumulative I-131 Concent
Page 83 and 84: In total, TORCH-2016 (The Other Rep
Page 85 and 86: in Lithuania, Kozloduy units 1 to 4
Page 87 and 88: The ISF-2 has been completed, pre-c
Page 89 and 90: emove the fuel-containing masses (c
Page 91 and 92: around 4.4 m 3 /hour. 270 Therefore
Page 93 and 94: Current status of workers The gover
Page 95 and 96: The government is aggressively seek
Page 97 and 98: (Full-scale Thyroid Screening Progr
Page 99 and 100: Costs 315 TEPCO continues to pay co
Page 101 and 102: contamination. In all parameters li
Page 103 and 104: However, the average thyroid dose i
Page 105 and 106: • The Global Energy Assessment 20
Page 107 and 108: decisions for the construction of n
Page 109: consecutive year, making up about 7
Page 113 and 114: Figure 39: Changes in EU Nuclear, S
Page 115 and 116: hydro renewables power generation a
Page 117 and 118: Annexes Annex 1: Overview by Region
Page 119 and 120: The November 2013 edition of the In
Page 121 and 122: its rated power 374 and until 26 Ma
Page 123 and 124: ebuilding its Gentilly-2 nuclear at
Page 125 and 126: LTEP, released in December 2013, co
Page 127 and 128: The U.S. reactor fleet provided 798
Page 129 and 130: units had received a license extens
Page 131 and 132: the capacity market auctions, the p
Page 133 and 134: subsidies already. First, Illinois
Page 135 and 136: Conservation (DEC) to deny the plan
Page 137 and 138: & 2 in Illinois, Pilgrim in Massach
Page 139 and 140: Pending Combined Operating License
Page 141 and 142: traditionally been sited, but also
Page 143 and 144: projects only after Sanmen-1 ‘suc
Page 145 and 146: geographically the nuclear plant th
Page 147 and 148: (US$6.6 billion), 546 to as low as
Page 149 and 150: work on site in India for six AP100
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Page 153 and 154: 2010 Strategic Energy Plan, which h
Page 155 and 156: The options for how such targets wo
Page 157 and 158: seismic fault line at the site. The
Page 159 and 160: The IRRS team concluded that the NR
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meeting the new regulatory guidelin
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declared for the reactor and while
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However, observers saw a “dramati
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Despite the government’s commitme
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end of March 2014, unit 1 of Lungme
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after its license had expired, but
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The following section provides a sh
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espectively over one month and two
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On 22 December 2015, FANC authorize
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In parallel, Fortum Power has been
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levels. It now looks plausible that
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The Hinkley Point C Saga - A French
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esulting in a loss of market share,
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for lifetime extensions, before 3/1
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and coal-fired generation fell back
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announced in April 2004 that his go
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nuclear energy, in the form of dire
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for the £16 billion (US$30 billion
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to begin operating in 2024. 829 How
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2019. 839 In December 2015, BKW off
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assist in financing. 851 Westinghou
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Hungary has only one nuclear power
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concluded that when making assumpti
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in 2012 and 2013. 893 However, the
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of the MNPP [Medzamor Nuclear Power
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eactors at the site has been put ba
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Ukraine has 15 operating reactors,
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Annex 2: Japanese Nuclear Reactor S
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Comments WNISR considers that the 1
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Notes: Top: Air dose at 1 m height
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Annex 5: Status of Lifetime Extensi
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Plant Grid Connection Extension App
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Tomas Kåberger has a MSc in Engine
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Annex 7: Abbreviations ABWR AEA AEC
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GPSC GUE/NGL GWEC IAEA IANS IAS ICC
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PLEC PLEX PPA PRIS PV PWR PXE RAPS-
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Annex 8: Status of Nuclear Power in
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Annex 9: Nuclear Reactors in the Wo
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Country/Reactors Units MWe (net) Co
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15 Delayed again. A further delay o
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38 Delayed several times. This esti
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