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finance, as well as its offer to take back spent fuel to Russia, 120 seems to have trumped all other considerations and Jordan decided on two VVER light water reactors. According to the initial announcement, Russia was to finance 49.9 percent of the nuclear power plant. 121 In September 2014, JAEC and Rosatom signed a two-year development framework for a project, which was projected to cost under US$10 billion and generate electricity costing US$0.10/kWh. It is now envisaged the earliest that construction start would be 2019, 122 which would make completion by the original objective of 2021 123 impossible and even the revised dates of 2023 highly unlikely. This financing arrangement is being revised because JAEC is finding it very hard to come up with its part of cost of the reactor. This was suggested by JAEC Chairman Khaled Toukan who told Associated Press that the probability of the two reactors being built is “70 to 75 (percent) ... it is not 90 percent” in a recent interview. 124 Earlier, in October 2015, Toukan told the press that JAEC is “now in trilateral discussions and seeking strategic partners—technology providers as well as finance partners”. 125 Among the partners mentioned by Toukan are the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), which is being approached to take on a potential equity stake, as well as participation in the construction phase for the turbine islands and other aspects of the plant, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, which is being approached for non-equity financing, and Rolls-Royce about potentially providing cooling systems for the plant. 126 JAEC’s current preference is for the equity stake in the project divided three ways with Rosatom and CNNC, and Jordan itself taking the last third. Elsewhere, Toukan has suggested that China might fund an even higher share, “not less than 50 percent”, according to one report. 127 For the JAEC part, Toukan has set up the Jordan Nuclear Power Co., which is to raise funds on the trading market by selling shares. 128 One reason that this arrangement might be attractive to Rosatom is uncertainty about its own finances. Over the past year, its budget has been cut and the Russian government was 120 Rosatom, “Russia and Jordan signed Intergovernmental Agreement on NPP construction in Jordan”, 24 March 2015, see http://www.rosatom.ru/en/press-centre/highlights/russia-and-jordan-signedintergovernmental-agreement-on-npp-construction-in-jordan-5/; and Ariel Ben Solomon, “Jordan and Russia to sign $10b nuclear deal this month”, Jerusalem Post, 22 March 2015, see http://www.jpost.com/landedpages/printarticle.aspx?id=394732, both accessed 1 July 2016. 121 AFP, “Jordan agrees deal for Russia to build nuclear plant”, Yahoo! News, 25 March 2015, see https://www.yahoo.com/news/jordan-agrees-deal-russia-build-nuclear-plant-231404790.html, accessed 1 July 2016. 122 NIW, “Briefs—Jordan”, 18 April 2014. 123 NIW, “Newbuild—Jordan and Russia Move Closer on Newbuild Plans”, 26 September 2014. 124 Karin Laub, “AP Interview: Jordan Eager to Reach Nuke Deal with US,” The Herald, 4 July 2016, see http://www.heraldonline.com/news/business/technology/article87545887.html, accessed 4 July 2016. 125 Anthony McAuley, “Jordan closes in on deal with Russia to build two nuclear reactors”, The National, 31 October 2015, see http://www.thenational.ae/business/energy/jordan-closes-in-on-deal-with-russia-tobuild-two-nuclear-reactors, accessed 1 July 2016. 126 Ibidem. 127 Nuclear.Ru, “Toukan: China can fund not less than 50% of nuclear build in Jordan”, 16 September 2015, see http://en.nuclear.ru/news/97045/?sphrase_id=3655595, accessed 1 July 2016. 128 Chaffee P., “Jordan Looks to China for Financing”, NIW, 2015. Mycle Schneider, Antony Froggatt et al. 51 World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2016
eportedly considering “suspending loans to other countries”. 129 But in the meanwhile, JAEC and Rosatom have signed a cooperation agreement on nuclear safety. 130 There is opposition in Jordan's parliament and local opposition is building up at the pre-selected Al Amra site. On 30 May 2012, the Jordanian parliament approved a recommendation to shelve the program, as it was said it would “drive the country into a dark tunnel and will bring about an adverse and irreversible environmental impact”. The parliament also recommended suspending uranium exploration until a feasibility study is done. 131 Prior to the vote, the Parliament’s Energy Committee had published a report accusing the JAEC of deliberately “misleading” the public and officials over the program by “hiding facts” related to costs. 132 The JAEC responded by saying it wouldn’t be able to produce a full evaluation until the start of construction of the plant. 133 At least one member of the royal family, Princess Basma bint Ali, has publicly spoken out against the nuclear program. 134 Local opposition comes in particular from members of the Beni Sakher tribe that lives around the Al Amra area. 135 One member of the tribe, Hind Fayez, is a prominent parliamentarian and a noted opponent. 136 She is quoted as saying: “I will not allow the construction of the nuclear reactor, not even over my dead body (…). The Bani Sakher tribe also rejects the construction of the nuclear reactor in Qusayr Amra”. 137 A particular concern is water requirements for the reactor, which is to come from the Al-Samra Waste Water Treatment Plant in nearby Irbid. 138 If and when the reactor is commissioned, over 20 percent of the total capacity of the Treatment Plant will be used to supply water to the reactors. The output of the Treatment Plant is currently being used for irrigation; 139 diversion of water to the reactor is, naturally, of public concern. The treatment of 129 The Moscow Times, ““Russia Considers Suspending Loans to Other Countries”, 18 January 2016, see http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/russia-considers-suspending-loans-to-othercountries/556181.html, accessed 1 July 2016. 130 Jordan Times, “Jordan, Russia sign nuclear safety deal”, 16 April 2016, see http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-russia-sign-nuclear-safety-deal, accessed 1 July 2016. 131 Jordan Times, “Deputies vote to suspend nuclear project”, Updated 30 May 2012, see http://vista.sahafi.jo/art.php?id=5cc50fcb54819dcb7c741cc651bb71531178b08e, accessed 1 July 2016. 132 Ibidem. 133 Monitor Global Outlook, “Jordan clings on to nuclear ambitions, despite delays”, 10 January 2014. 134 On 28 June 2011, Princess Basma gave a stinging anti-nuclear speech in a public event in Amman, Jordan, entitled “Pros and Cons of Nuclear Energy”; see also Aaron Magid, “Time to Reconsider Jordan’s Nuclear Program,” Middle East Institute, 20 June 2016, see http://www.mei.edu/content/article/timereconsider-jordan-s-nuclear-program, accessed 23 June 2016. 135 Alice Su, “Jordan faces no-nukes campaign”, Al-Monitor, 12 November 2013, see http://www.almonitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/11/jordan-nuclear-rosatom-environment-energy.html; and Areej Abuqudairi, “Jordan nuclear battle heats up”, Al Jazeera English, 14 April 2014, see http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/02/battle-heats-up-over-jordanian-nuclear-power- 201422685957126736.html, both accessed 25 June 2016. 136 David Schenker, “The Middle East’s Next Nuclear Power?”, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Politico, 28 January 2015, see http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/01/jordan-nuclear-power- 114712.html, accessed 25 June 2016. 137 Jordan Times, “Nuclear programme ‘to lower electricity costs by 70%’”, 30 October 2013. 138 Elisa Oddone, “Russian Nuclear Energy Deal Signed”, Venture Magazine, 19 May 2015, see http://www.venturemagazine.me/2015/05/russian-nuclear-energy-deal-signed, accessed 25 June 2016. 139 Water Technology, “As-Samra Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), Jordan”, Undated, see http://www.water-technology.net/projects/as-samra-wastewater-treatment-plant-jordan/, accessed 1 July 2016. Mycle Schneider, Antony Froggatt et al. 52 World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2016
Page 1 and 2: A MYCLE SCHNEIDER CONSULTING PROJEC
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The project coordin
Page 5 and 6: EBRD Chernobyl Decommissioning/Spen
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Nuclear
Page 9 and 10: Foreword by Tomas Kåberger 1 The W
Page 11 and 12: Executive Summary and Conclusions K
Page 13 and 14: WNISR classifies 36 Japanese reacto
Page 15 and 16: AREVA Debacle (new episode). The Fr
Page 17 and 18: Fukushima Prefecture, 70 percent of
Page 19 and 20: Introduction A major accident, like
Page 21 and 22: the past two decades, nuclear power
Page 23 and 24: There were three exceptions in 2015
Page 25 and 26: In the first half of 2016, three re
Page 27 and 28: The current world fleet has a total
Page 29 and 30: However, many of those projects (48
Page 31 and 32: Table 2: Reactor Construction Times
Page 33 and 34: Figure 11: Construction Starts in t
Page 35 and 36: large-scale new-build. Having asses
Page 37 and 38: Figure 15: Age Distribution of 164
Page 39 and 40: timeframe are highly unlikely given
Page 41 and 42: The IAEA says that, “seven countr
Page 43 and 44: for four units equaled approximatel
Page 45 and 46: Over the past year, the design sele
Page 47 and 48: In Turkey, up to three projects are
Page 49 and 50: electricity generating company (EÜ
Page 51: However, Rosatom highlighted the
Page 55 and 56: start in 2020 and commercial operat
Page 57 and 58: floating reactors. 160 There is als
Page 59 and 60: nonetheless suggested that the proj
Page 61 and 62: Nuclear Finances: Corporate Meltdow
Page 63 and 64: in the U.S. in 2013 from US$5/MBTU
Page 65 and 66: decides not to proceed with Hinkley
Page 67 and 68: market capital for renewable energy
Page 69 and 70: apply across the whole European mar
Page 71 and 72: Supervision and Administration Comm
Page 73 and 74: export market to countries such as
Page 75 and 76: Conclusion on Corporate Finances Th
Page 77 and 78: Sequence and Origin of the Accident
Page 79 and 80: a source of carbon dioxide to smoth
Page 81 and 82: Figure 29: Cumulative I-131 Concent
Page 83 and 84: In total, TORCH-2016 (The Other Rep
Page 85 and 86: in Lithuania, Kozloduy units 1 to 4
Page 87 and 88: The ISF-2 has been completed, pre-c
Page 89 and 90: emove the fuel-containing masses (c
Page 91 and 92: around 4.4 m 3 /hour. 270 Therefore
Page 93 and 94: Current status of workers The gover
Page 95 and 96: The government is aggressively seek
Page 97 and 98: (Full-scale Thyroid Screening Progr
Page 99 and 100: Costs 315 TEPCO continues to pay co
Page 101 and 102: contamination. In all parameters li
Page 103 and 104:
However, the average thyroid dose i
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• The Global Energy Assessment 20
Page 107 and 108:
decisions for the construction of n
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consecutive year, making up about 7
Page 111 and 112:
US$43 billion and wind power was US
Page 113 and 114:
Figure 39: Changes in EU Nuclear, S
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hydro renewables power generation a
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Annexes Annex 1: Overview by Region
Page 119 and 120:
The November 2013 edition of the In
Page 121 and 122:
its rated power 374 and until 26 Ma
Page 123 and 124:
ebuilding its Gentilly-2 nuclear at
Page 125 and 126:
LTEP, released in December 2013, co
Page 127 and 128:
The U.S. reactor fleet provided 798
Page 129 and 130:
units had received a license extens
Page 131 and 132:
the capacity market auctions, the p
Page 133 and 134:
subsidies already. First, Illinois
Page 135 and 136:
Conservation (DEC) to deny the plan
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& 2 in Illinois, Pilgrim in Massach
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Pending Combined Operating License
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traditionally been sited, but also
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projects only after Sanmen-1 ‘suc
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geographically the nuclear plant th
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(US$6.6 billion), 546 to as low as
Page 149 and 150:
work on site in India for six AP100
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in regulatory safety inspections re
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2010 Strategic Energy Plan, which h
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The options for how such targets wo
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seismic fault line at the site. The
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The IRRS team concluded that the NR
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meeting the new regulatory guidelin
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declared for the reactor and while
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However, observers saw a “dramati
Page 167 and 168:
Despite the government’s commitme
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end of March 2014, unit 1 of Lungme
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after its license had expired, but
Page 173 and 174:
The following section provides a sh
Page 175 and 176:
espectively over one month and two
Page 177 and 178:
On 22 December 2015, FANC authorize
Page 179 and 180:
In parallel, Fortum Power has been
Page 181 and 182:
levels. It now looks plausible that
Page 183 and 184:
The Hinkley Point C Saga - A French
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esulting in a loss of market share,
Page 187 and 188:
for lifetime extensions, before 3/1
Page 189 and 190:
and coal-fired generation fell back
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announced in April 2004 that his go
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nuclear energy, in the form of dire
Page 195 and 196:
for the £16 billion (US$30 billion
Page 197 and 198:
to begin operating in 2024. 829 How
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2019. 839 In December 2015, BKW off
Page 201 and 202:
assist in financing. 851 Westinghou
Page 203 and 204:
Hungary has only one nuclear power
Page 205 and 206:
concluded that when making assumpti
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in 2012 and 2013. 893 However, the
Page 209 and 210:
of the MNPP [Medzamor Nuclear Power
Page 211 and 212:
eactors at the site has been put ba
Page 213 and 214:
Ukraine has 15 operating reactors,
Page 215 and 216:
Annex 2: Japanese Nuclear Reactor S
Page 217 and 218:
Comments WNISR considers that the 1
Page 219 and 220:
Notes: Top: Air dose at 1 m height
Page 221 and 222:
Annex 5: Status of Lifetime Extensi
Page 223 and 224:
Plant Grid Connection Extension App
Page 225 and 226:
Tomas Kåberger has a MSc in Engine
Page 227 and 228:
Annex 7: Abbreviations ABWR AEA AEC
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GPSC GUE/NGL GWEC IAEA IANS IAS ICC
Page 231 and 232:
PLEC PLEX PPA PRIS PV PWR PXE RAPS-
Page 233 and 234:
Annex 8: Status of Nuclear Power in
Page 235 and 236:
Annex 9: Nuclear Reactors in the Wo
Page 237 and 238:
Country/Reactors Units MWe (net) Co
Page 239 and 240:
15 Delayed again. A further delay o
Page 241:
38 Delayed several times. This esti
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